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1 commoveo

com-mŏvĕo ( conm-), mōvi, mōtum, 2 (contr. forms:
commōrunt,
Lucr. 2, 766; commōrat, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51; commōrit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 45;
commossem,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90;
commosset,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45;
commosse,
id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; id. Fam. 7, 18, 3), v. a., to put something in violent motion, to move; both of removing from a place and backwards and forwards in a place; to shake, stir (freq. in every period and species of composition).
I.
Lit.
A.
To remove from a place, to carry away, displace, to start, set in motion, move:
neque miser me commovere possum prae formidine,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 181; id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:
facilius est currentem incitare quam commovere languentem,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:
columnas,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:
castra ex eo loco,
to move forward, decamp, id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; cf.
aciem,
to set the line in motion, Liv. 2, 65, 5; 9, 27, 10:
se ex eo loco,
Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:
se domo,
id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:
me Thessalonicā,
id. Att. 3, 13, 1:
te istinc,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 3: agmen loco. to force back, cause to retreat, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 58, 20; so,
hostem,
Liv. 9, 40, 9; 10, 29, 9:
cervum,
Verg. A. 7, 494:
molem,
Val. Fl. 2, 33:
nummum,
i. e. to use in business, Cic. Font. 5, 11 (1, 1); id. Fl. 19, 44:
ais, si una littera commota sit, fore tota ut labet disciplina. Utrum igitur tibi litteram videor an totas paginas commovere?
id. Fin. 4, 19, 53.—Sacra, t. t., to move or carry about the sacred utensils, images, etc., for religious use, Verg. A. 4, 301 Serv.; cf. Cato, R. R. 134, 4:
ancilia,
Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 3:
tripodes,
Sen. Med. 786.—Hence, humorously: mea si commovi sacra, if I put my instruments (artifices, tricks, etc.) in motion, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 107. —Prov.:
glaebam commosset in agro decumano Siciliae nemo,
would have stirred a clod, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.—
B.
To set in motion in a place, to move hither and thither, to shake, agitate, disturb.
1.
Of things:
magni commorunt aequora venti,
Lucr. 2, 766:
alas,
Verg. A. 5, 217; cf.:
penna commota volucris,
Sil. 6, 59; Sen. Agam. 633. —
2.
Of persons, with se:
quis sese commovere potest, cujus ille (sc. Roscius) vitia non videat?
can stir, Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 233:
num infitiari potes te... meā diligentiā circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse,
id. Cat. 1, 3, 7; Nep. Ages. 6, 3; Liv. 2, 54, 6; cf.:
Lanuvii hastam se commovisse,
id. 21, 62, 4.—
II.
Trop.
A.
(Acc. to I. A.) To move, drive back, distodge, refute, confute:
nunc comminus agamus experiamurque, si possimus cornua commovere disputationis tuae,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:
si convellere adoriamur ea, quae commoveri non possunt,
id. de Or. 2, 51, 205.—
B.
(Acc. to I. B.) To throw into disorder, physical or mental; to unbalance, unsettle, shake, disturb (rare but class.):
adflantur alii sidere, alii commoventur statis temporibus alvo, nervis, capite, mente,
Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:
perleviter commotus fuerat... (postea) eum vidi plane integrum,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: Bacchi sacris commota, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 36, 80:
commotus habebitur, i. e. mente captus,
frantic, crazed, Hor. S. 2, 3, 209; cf.:
commota mens,
id. ib. 2, 3, 278; Plin. 36, 21, 40, § 152; and:
commotus mente,
id. 23, 1, 16, § 23.—
2.
To move in mind or feeling, to make an impression upon, to excite, rouse, shake, disquiet, disturb, affect, etc.
(α).
With abl.: commorat hominem lacrimis, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2:
aliquem nimiā longinquitate locorum ac desiderio suorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
aut libidine aliquā aut metu,
id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. Font. 16, 36 (12, 26):
ludis,
id. Mur. 19, 40:
quis enim, cum sibi fingit aliquid et cogitatione depingit, non simul ac se ipse commovit atque ad se revocavit, sentit, etc.,
aroused, id. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
adfectibus,
Quint. 9, 4, 4:
doctā voce,
id. 2, 16, 9:
cujus atrocitate,
id. 6, 1, 32:
vix sum apud me, ita animus commotu'st metu, Spe, gaudio,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 34; Quint. 1, 2, 30:
commota vehementi metu mens,
Lucr. 3, 153. —
(β).
Absol.:
commorat omnes nos,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51:
cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est, commoveri necesse est,
one must be affected by it, it must make an impression on one, Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:
nihil me clamor iste commovet,
id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:
si quos adversum proelium et fuga Gallorum commoveret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
in commovendis judiciis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf.:
commotus ab oratore judex,
Quint. 6, 2, 7:
qui me commorit, flebit,
provoke, rouse, Hor. S. 2, 1, 45:
Neptunus graviter commotus,
Verg. A. 1, 126:
domo ejus omnia abstulit quae paulo magis animum cujuspiam aut oculos possent commovere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Quint. 12, 10, 50: dormiunt;
pol ego istos commovebo,
awake, arouse, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:
porticus haec ipsa et palaestra Graecarum disputationum memoriam quodammodo commovent,
stir up, awaken, revive, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20.—Of things:
aes alienum,
to demand, Tac. A. 6, 17:
commotā principis domo,
id. ib. 4, 52 init.:
si umquam vitae cupiditas in me fuisset, ego... omnium parricidarum tela commossem?
provoked, Cic. Planc. 37, 90. —
(γ).
With in and abl.:
qui cum ingeniis conflictatur ejus modi, Neque commovetur animus in eā re tamen,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 67:
vidi enim vos in hoc nomine, cum testis diceret, commoveri,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 125:
in hac virgine commotus sum,
i. e. in love, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 19.—
(δ).
With ex and abl.:
nam cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 72.—
(ε).
With ad and acc.:
nec sane satis commoveor animo ad ea. quae vis canenda,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:
homines ad turpe compendium,
Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.—
(ζ).
With ut and subj.:
adeone me ignavom putas, ut neque me consuetudo neque amor Commoveat neque commoneat, ut servem fidem?
Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:
tua nos voluntas commovit, ut conscriberemus, etc.,
Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—
b.
Of the passions, etc., to rouse, stir up, excite, produce, generate: belli magnos commovit funditus aestus, moved the waves of strife from their foundations, Lucr. 5, 1434; cf.:
commovere tumultum aut bellum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 20:
misericordiam, invidiam, iracundiam,
id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf.:
commovere miserationem,
Quint. 6, 1, 46; 10, 1, 64:
magnum et acerbum dolorem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
invidiam aliquam in me,
id. Phil. 3, 7, 18:
summum odium in eum,
id. Inv. 1, 54, 103:
bilem,
id. Att. 2, 7, 2:
multorum scribendi studia,
id. N. D. 1, 4, 8:
adfectus,
Quint. 4, prooem. § 6; 5, 8, 3; cf.:
adfectus vehementer commotos (opp. lenes),
id. 6, 2, 9.—
C.
In discourse:
nova quaedam,
to start new doctrines, adduce novelties, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18.— Hence, commōtus, a, um, P. a., moved, excited, aroused:
genus (dicendi) in agendo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32; cf.:
Fimbria paulo fervidior atque commotior,
id. Brut. 34, 129:
incidere in rem commotam (i. e. amorem),
Sen. Ep. 116, 5:
animus commotior,
Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:
commotius ad omnia turbanda consilium,
Liv. 6, 14, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
Drusus animo commotior,
more violent, passionate, Tac. A. 4, 3; cf.:
commotus ingenio,
id. ib. 6, 45; and:
Agrippina paulo commotior,
id. ib. 1, 33:
commoto similis,
to one provoked, enraged, Suet. Aug. 51; cf. id. Tib. 51.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > commoveo
2 conmoveo

com-mŏvĕo ( conm-), mōvi, mōtum, 2 (contr. forms:
commōrunt,
Lucr. 2, 766; commōrat, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2; Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51; commōrit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 1; Hor. S. 2, 1, 45;
commossem,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90;
commosset,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45;
commosse,
id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; id. Fam. 7, 18, 3), v. a., to put something in violent motion, to move; both of removing from a place and backwards and forwards in a place; to shake, stir (freq. in every period and species of composition).
I.
Lit.
A.
To remove from a place, to carry away, displace, to start, set in motion, move:
neque miser me commovere possum prae formidine,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 181; id. Truc. 4, 3, 44:
facilius est currentem incitare quam commovere languentem,
Cic. de Or. 2, 44, 186:
columnas,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 55, § 145:
castra ex eo loco,
to move forward, decamp, id. ib. 2, 5, 37, § 96; cf.
aciem,
to set the line in motion, Liv. 2, 65, 5; 9, 27, 10:
se ex eo loco,
Cic. Fin. 5, 15, 42:
se domo,
id. Fam. 9, 5, 2:
me Thessalonicā,
id. Att. 3, 13, 1:
te istinc,
id. Fam. 6, 20, 3: agmen loco. to force back, cause to retreat, Sisenn. ap. Non. p. 58, 20; so,
hostem,
Liv. 9, 40, 9; 10, 29, 9:
cervum,
Verg. A. 7, 494:
molem,
Val. Fl. 2, 33:
nummum,
i. e. to use in business, Cic. Font. 5, 11 (1, 1); id. Fl. 19, 44:
ais, si una littera commota sit, fore tota ut labet disciplina. Utrum igitur tibi litteram videor an totas paginas commovere?
id. Fin. 4, 19, 53.—Sacra, t. t., to move or carry about the sacred utensils, images, etc., for religious use, Verg. A. 4, 301 Serv.; cf. Cato, R. R. 134, 4:
ancilia,
Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 3:
tripodes,
Sen. Med. 786.—Hence, humorously: mea si commovi sacra, if I put my instruments (artifices, tricks, etc.) in motion, Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 107. —Prov.:
glaebam commosset in agro decumano Siciliae nemo,
would have stirred a clod, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 45.—
B.
To set in motion in a place, to move hither and thither, to shake, agitate, disturb.
1.
Of things:
magni commorunt aequora venti,
Lucr. 2, 766:
alas,
Verg. A. 5, 217; cf.:
penna commota volucris,
Sil. 6, 59; Sen. Agam. 633. —
2.
Of persons, with se:
quis sese commovere potest, cujus ille (sc. Roscius) vitia non videat?
can stir, Cic. de Or. 2, 57, 233:
num infitiari potes te... meā diligentiā circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse,
id. Cat. 1, 3, 7; Nep. Ages. 6, 3; Liv. 2, 54, 6; cf.:
Lanuvii hastam se commovisse,
id. 21, 62, 4.—
II.
Trop.
A.
(Acc. to I. A.) To move, drive back, distodge, refute, confute:
nunc comminus agamus experiamurque, si possimus cornua commovere disputationis tuae,
Cic. Div. 2, 10, 26:
si convellere adoriamur ea, quae commoveri non possunt,
id. de Or. 2, 51, 205.—
B.
(Acc. to I. B.) To throw into disorder, physical or mental; to unbalance, unsettle, shake, disturb (rare but class.):
adflantur alii sidere, alii commoventur statis temporibus alvo, nervis, capite, mente,
Plin. 2, 41, 41, § 108:
perleviter commotus fuerat... (postea) eum vidi plane integrum,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 5, 2: Bacchi sacris commota, Poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 36, 80:
commotus habebitur, i. e. mente captus,
frantic, crazed, Hor. S. 2, 3, 209; cf.:
commota mens,
id. ib. 2, 3, 278; Plin. 36, 21, 40, § 152; and:
commotus mente,
id. 23, 1, 16, § 23.—
2.
To move in mind or feeling, to make an impression upon, to excite, rouse, shake, disquiet, disturb, affect, etc.
(α).
With abl.: commorat hominem lacrimis, Turp. ap. Non. p. 278, 2:
aliquem nimiā longinquitate locorum ac desiderio suorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
aut libidine aliquā aut metu,
id. Off. 1, 29, 102; id. Font. 16, 36 (12, 26):
ludis,
id. Mur. 19, 40:
quis enim, cum sibi fingit aliquid et cogitatione depingit, non simul ac se ipse commovit atque ad se revocavit, sentit, etc.,
aroused, id. Ac. 2, 16, 51:
et amore fraterno et existimatione vulgi,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20:
adfectibus,
Quint. 9, 4, 4:
doctā voce,
id. 2, 16, 9:
cujus atrocitate,
id. 6, 1, 32:
vix sum apud me, ita animus commotu'st metu, Spe, gaudio,
Ter. And. 5, 4, 34; Quint. 1, 2, 30:
commota vehementi metu mens,
Lucr. 3, 153. —
(β).
Absol.:
commorat omnes nos,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 51:
cum aliqua species utilitatis objecta est, commoveri necesse est,
one must be affected by it, it must make an impression on one, Cic. Off. 3, 8, 35:
nihil me clamor iste commovet,
id. Rab. Perd. 6, 18:
si quos adversum proelium et fuga Gallorum commoveret,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
in commovendis judiciis,
Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 189; cf.:
commotus ab oratore judex,
Quint. 6, 2, 7:
qui me commorit, flebit,
provoke, rouse, Hor. S. 2, 1, 45:
Neptunus graviter commotus,
Verg. A. 1, 126:
domo ejus omnia abstulit quae paulo magis animum cujuspiam aut oculos possent commovere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83; Quint. 12, 10, 50: dormiunt;
pol ego istos commovebo,
awake, arouse, Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 8:
porticus haec ipsa et palaestra Graecarum disputationum memoriam quodammodo commovent,
stir up, awaken, revive, Cic. de Or. 2, 5, 20.—Of things:
aes alienum,
to demand, Tac. A. 6, 17:
commotā principis domo,
id. ib. 4, 52 init.:
si umquam vitae cupiditas in me fuisset, ego... omnium parricidarum tela commossem?
provoked, Cic. Planc. 37, 90. —
(γ).
With in and abl.:
qui cum ingeniis conflictatur ejus modi, Neque commovetur animus in eā re tamen,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 67:
vidi enim vos in hoc nomine, cum testis diceret, commoveri,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 56, § 125:
in hac virgine commotus sum,
i. e. in love, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 19.—
(δ).
With ex and abl.:
nam cum esset ex aere alieno commota civitas,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58; Auct. B. Afr. 57, 72.—
(ε).
With ad and acc.:
nec sane satis commoveor animo ad ea. quae vis canenda,
Cic. ad Q. Fr. 3, 5, 4:
homines ad turpe compendium,
Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.—
(ζ).
With ut and subj.:
adeone me ignavom putas, ut neque me consuetudo neque amor Commoveat neque commoneat, ut servem fidem?
Ter. And. 1, 5, 45:
tua nos voluntas commovit, ut conscriberemus, etc.,
Auct. Her. 1, 1, 1.—
b.
Of the passions, etc., to rouse, stir up, excite, produce, generate: belli magnos commovit funditus aestus, moved the waves of strife from their foundations, Lucr. 5, 1434; cf.:
commovere tumultum aut bellum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 8, § 20:
misericordiam, invidiam, iracundiam,
id. de Or. 2, 47, 195; cf.:
commovere miserationem,
Quint. 6, 1, 46; 10, 1, 64:
magnum et acerbum dolorem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 21, § 47:
invidiam aliquam in me,
id. Phil. 3, 7, 18:
summum odium in eum,
id. Inv. 1, 54, 103:
bilem,
id. Att. 2, 7, 2:
multorum scribendi studia,
id. N. D. 1, 4, 8:
adfectus,
Quint. 4, prooem. § 6; 5, 8, 3; cf.:
adfectus vehementer commotos (opp. lenes),
id. 6, 2, 9.—
C.
In discourse:
nova quaedam,
to start new doctrines, adduce novelties, Cic. Ac. 2, 6, 18.— Hence, commōtus, a, um, P. a., moved, excited, aroused:
genus (dicendi) in agendo,
Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 32; cf.:
Fimbria paulo fervidior atque commotior,
id. Brut. 34, 129:
incidere in rem commotam (i. e. amorem),
Sen. Ep. 116, 5:
animus commotior,
Cic. Div. 1, 37, 80:
commotius ad omnia turbanda consilium,
Liv. 6, 14, 9 Weissenb. ad loc.:
Drusus animo commotior,
more violent, passionate, Tac. A. 4, 3; cf.:
commotus ingenio,
id. ib. 6, 45; and:
Agrippina paulo commotior,
id. ib. 1, 33:
commoto similis,
to one provoked, enraged, Suet. Aug. 51; cf. id. Tib. 51.— Sup. and adv. apparently not in use.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conmoveo
3 canistri

cănistrum, i, n. [ cănistri, ōrum, m., Pall. Nov. 17, 1], = kanastra, a basket woven from reeds (kanna), a bread-, fruit-, flower-, etc., basket (esp. for religious use in sacrifices), Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13; Tib. 1, 10, 27; Prop. 3 (4), 13, 28; 4 (5), 8, 12; Verg. A. 8, 180; id. G. 4, 280; Hor. S. 2, 6, 105; Ov. M. 2, 713; 8, 675; id. F. 2, 650; 4, 451; Col. 10, 277; Juv. 5, 74.—
II.
Canistra siccaria, baskets in which wine stood upon a table, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 706.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > canistri
4 canistrum

cănistrum, i, n. [ cănistri, ōrum, m., Pall. Nov. 17, 1], = kanastra, a basket woven from reeds (kanna), a bread-, fruit-, flower-, etc., basket (esp. for religious use in sacrifices), Cic. Att. 6, 1, 13; Tib. 1, 10, 27; Prop. 3 (4), 13, 28; 4 (5), 8, 12; Verg. A. 8, 180; id. G. 4, 280; Hor. S. 2, 6, 105; Ov. M. 2, 713; 8, 675; id. F. 2, 650; 4, 451; Col. 10, 277; Juv. 5, 74.—
II.
Canistra siccaria, baskets in which wine stood upon a table, acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 706.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > canistrum
5 simpulum

simpulum ī, n [3 SA-], a small ladle for use in sacrifices: simpula pontificum.—Prov.: excitabat fluctūs in simpulo, i. e. a tempest in a teapot.
* * *

simpuli N N

small ladle (for religious ceremony); eyepiece

fluctus simpulumo -- tempest in teapot

Latin-English dictionary > simpulum
6 bitumen

bĭtūmen, ĭnis, n. [cf. Sanscr. gatu, gum], bitumen, a kind of mineral pitch found in Palestine and Babylon, Gr. atphaltos, Plin. 35, 15, 51, § 178 sq.; Tac. H. 5, 6; 5, 17; Just. 1, 2, 7; Vitr. 2, 6; Lucr. 6, 808; Verg. G. 3, 451; Ov. M. 9, 660; 14, 792; Vitr. 8, 3, 1 sqq.:
Judaicum,
Veg. 1, 20, 1; 3, 56, 2; 5, 83, 3;
6, 14, 1: Apollonium,
id. 6, 14, 1; Vulg. Gen. 6, 14.—For magical or religious use, Verg. E. 8, 82; Hor. Epod. 5, 82; Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 325.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bitumen
7 verto

verto ( vorto), ti, sum, 3 ( inf. vortier, Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 48; Lucr. 1, 710; 2, 927; 5, 1199 al.), v. a. and n. [Sanscr. root vart-, to apply one's self, turn; cf. vart-ukas, round].
I.
Act., to turn, to turn round or about (syn.: verso, contorqueo).
A.
Lit.:
(luna) eam partem, quaecumque est ignibus aucta, Ad speciem vertit nobis,
Lucr. 5, 724:
speciem quo,
id. 4, 242:
ora huc et huc,
Hor. Epod. 4, 9:
terga,
Ov. Tr. 3, 5, 6:
gradu discedere verso,
id. M. 4, 338:
verso pede,
id. ib. 8, 869:
pennas,
i. e. to fly away, Prop. 2, 24, 22 (3, 19, 6):
cardinem,
Ov. M. 14, 782:
fores tacito cardine,
Tib. 1, 6, 12: cadum, to turn or tip up, Hor. C. 3, 29, 2:
versā pulvis inscribitur hastā,
inverted, Verg. A. 1, 478:
verte hac te, puere,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 29; cf.:
verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:
cum haesisset descendenti (virgini) stola, vertit se et recollegit,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 9:
ante tuos quotiens verti me, perfida, postes,
Prop. 1, 16, 43:
Pompeiani se verterunt et loco cesserunt,
turned about, wheeled about, fled, Caes. B. C. 3, 51; cf.:
vertere terga,
to turn one's back, run away, betake one's self to flight, id. B. G. 1, 53; 3, 21; id. B. C. 1, 47; 3, 63 fin.; Liv. 1, 14, 9; cf.
also: hostem in fugam,
to put to flight, rout, id. 30, 33, 16;
Auct. B. Afr. 17: iter retro,
Liv. 28, 3, 1:
hiems (piscis) ad hoc mare,
Hor. Epod. 2, 52: fenestrae in viam versae, turned or directed towards, looking towards, Liv. 1, 41, 4; cf.:
mare ad occidentem versum,
id. 36, 15, 9:
Scytharum gens ab oriente ad septentrionem se vertit,
Curt. 7, 7, 3:
(Maeander) nunc ad fontes, nunc in mare versus,
Ov. M. 8, 165: terram aratro, to turn up or over, to plough, etc., Hor. S. 1, 1, 28:
ferro terram,
Verg. G. 1, 147:
glaebas (aratra),
Ov. M. 1, 425; 5, 477:
solum bidentibus,
Col. 4, 5:
agros bove,
Prop. 3, 7, 43 (4, 6, 43):
collem,
Col. 3, 13, 8:
freta lacertis (in rowing),
Verg. A. 5, 141:
ex illā pecuniā magnam partem ad se vortit,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 17, 57.—Mid.: vertier ad lapidem, to turn or incline one's self towards, Lucr. 5, 1199:
congressi... ad caedem vertuntur,
Liv. 1, 7, 2; so,
versi in fugam hostes,
Tac. H. 2, 26; cf.:
Philippis versa acies retro,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 26:
sinit hic violentis omnia verti Turbinibus,
to whirl themselves about, Lucr. 5, 503:
magnus caeli si vortitur orbis,
id. 5, 510:
vertitur interea caelum,
revolves, Verg. A. 2, 250:
squamarum serie a caudā ad caput versā,
reaching, Plin. 28, 8, 30, § 119.—
B.
Trop.
1.
In gen., to turn:
ne ea, quae reipublicae causa egerit, in suam contumeliam vertat,
Caes. B. C. 1, 8:
in suam rem litem vertendo,
Liv. 3, 72, 2:
usum ejus (olei) ad luxuriam vertere Graeci,
Plin. 15, 4, 5, § 19; cf.:
aliquid in rem vertere,
turn to account, make profitable, Dig. 15, 3, 1 sqq.:
edocere, quo sese vertant sortes,
Enn. Trag. v. 64 Vahl.; Verg. A. 1, 671:
ne sibi vitio verterent, quod abesset a patriā,
Cic. Fam. 7, 6, 1:
idque omen in Macedonum metum verterunt Tyrii,
Curt. 4, 2, 13:
in religionem vertentes comitia biennic habita,
making a matter of religious scruple, Liv. 5, 14, 2:
aquarum insolita magnitudo in religionem versa,
id. 30, 38, 10; cf. id. 26, 11, 3:
id ipsum quod iter belli esset obstructum, in prodigium et omen imminentium cladium vertebatur,
Tac. H. 1, 86 fin.:
vertere in se Cotyi data,
to appropriate, id. A. 2, 64:
perii! quid agam? quo me vertam?
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 1:
quo se verteret, non habebat,
Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 74; id. Div. 2, 72, 149:
Philippus totus in Persea versus,
inclined towards him, Liv. 40, 5, 9:
toti in impetum atque iram versi,
id. 25, 16, 19:
si bellum omne eo vertat,
id. 26, 12, 13:
di vortant bene, Quod agas,
cause to turn out well, prosper, Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 121; cf. infra, II. B.; so,
in melius somnia,
Tib. 3, 4, 95.—
2.
In partic.
a.
To turn, i. e. to change, aller, transform (syn. muto):
Juppiter In Amphitruonis vortit sese imaginem,
Plaut. Am. prol. 121:
in anginam ego nunc me velim vorti,
id. Most. 1. 3, 61:
omnes natura cibos in corpora viva Vertit,
Lucr. 2, 880: vertunt se fluvii frondes et pabula laeta In pecudes; vertunt pecudes [p. 1978] in corpora nostra Naturam, id. 2, 875 sq.; cf.:
cum terra in aquam se vertit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 31:
verte omnis tete in facies,
Verg. A. 12, 891:
ego, quae memet in omnia verti,
id. ib. 7, 309:
tot sese vertit in ora,
id. ib. 7, 328:
inque deum de bove versus erat,
Ov. F. 5, 616:
Auster in Africum se vertit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 26 fin.; cf. Liv. 30, 24, 7:
semina malorum in contrarias partes se vertere,
Cic. Div. 2, 14, 33:
omnia versa et mutata in pejorem partem,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 103:
cur nunc tua quisquam Vertere jussa potest,
Verg. A. 10, 35:
hic continentiam et moderationem in superbiam ac lasciviam vertit,
Curt. 6, 6, 1; cf.:
fortuna hoc militiae probrum vertit in gloriam,
id. 9, 10, 28:
versus civitatis status,
Tac. A. 1, 4:
versis ad prospera fatis,
Ov. H. 16, 89: solum, to change one's country, i. e. to emigrate or go into exile, Cic. Balb. 11, 28; Amm. 15, 3, 11 et saep.; v. solum. —With abl. (rare and poet.):
nullā tamen alite verti Dignatur,
Ov. M. 10, 157; cf.
muto.—Prov.: in fumum et cinerem vertere,
to turn into smoke, dissipate, Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 39.—Mid.:
omnia vertuntur: certe vertuntur amores,
Prop. 2, 8, 7 (9):
saevus apertam In rabiem coepit verti jocus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 149.—
b.
To exchange, interchange: nos divitem istum meminimus adque iste pauperes nos;
vorterunt sese memoriae,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 11; cf.:
vorsis gladiis depugnarier,
id. Cas. 2, 5, 36.—
c.
Of literary productions, to turn into another language, to translate (syn.:
transfero, interpretor, reddo): Philemo scripsit, Plautus vortit barbare,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 19:
si sic verterem Platonem, ut verteruntnostri poëtae fabulas,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 7:
verti etiam multa de Graecis,
id. Tusc. 2, 11, 26:
annales Acilianos ex Graeco in Latinum sermonem vertit,
Liv. 25, 39, 12.—
d.
To ply:
stimulos sub pectore vertit Apollo,
i. e. stimulates the fury, Verg. A. 6, 101.—
e.
In partic., like our to turn upside down, i. e. to overturn, overthrow, subvert, destroy (= everto):
Callicratidas cum multa fecisset egregie, vertit ad extremum omnia,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84:
agerent, verterent cuncta,
Tac. H. 1, 2; id. A. 2, 42; 3, 36:
Cycnum Vi multā,
Ov. M. 12, 139:
fluxas Phrygiae res fundo,
Verg. A. 10, 88; 1, 20; 2, 652:
vertere ab imo moenia Trojae,
id. ib. 5, 810:
Ilion fatalis incestusque judex... vertit in pulverem,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 20:
proceras fraxinos,
id. ib. 3, 25, 16:
ab imo regna,
Sen. Hippol. 562:
Penates,
id. Troad. 91:
puppem,
Luc. 3, 650:
fortunas,
Amm. 28, 3, 1.—
f.
Mid., from the idea of turning round in a place, to be engaged in, to be in a place or condition; also to turn, rest, or depend upon a thing:
jam homo in mercaturā vortitur,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 109:
res in periculo vortitur,
id. Merc. 1, 2, 12; Phaedr. 2, 8, 19; so,
res vertitur in majore discrimine,
Liv. 6, 36, 7:
ipse catervis Vertitur in mediis,
Verg. A. 11, 683:
omnia in unius potestate ac moderatione vertentur,
Cic. Verr. 1, 7, 20; so,
spes civitatis in dictatore,
Liv. 4, 31, 4:
totum id in voluntate Philippi,
id. 37, 7, 8:
causa in jure,
Cic. Brut. 39, 145:
hic victoria,
Verg. A. 10, 529:
cum circa hanc consultationem disceptatio omnis verteretur,
Liv. 36, 7, 1:
puncto saepe temporis maximarum rerum momenta verti,
id. 3, 27, 7.— Impers.:
vertebatur, utrum manerent in Achaico concilio Lacedaemonii, an, etc.,
Liv. 39, 48, 3.—
g.
To ascribe, refer:
quae fuerunt populis magis exitio quam fames morbique, quaeque alia in deum iras velut ultima malorum vertunt,
Liv. 4, 9, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:
cum omnium secundorum adversorumque in deos verterent,
id. 28, 11, 1.—
h.
= considero; exercitum majorum more vortere, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 5, 408 dub. (Sall. H. inc. 51 Dietsch ad loc.).
II.
Neutr., to turn one's self, direct one's way, to turn about, to turn.
A.
Lit.:
depulsi aemulatione alio vertunt,
Tac. A. 1, 18:
eoque audaciae provectum ut verteret, etc.,
id. ib. 4, 10:
utinam mea vocula dominae vertat in auriculas!
Prop. 1, 16, 28:
versuros extemplo in fugam omnes ratus,
Liv. 38, 26, 8 (but in Lucr. 5, 617 the correct read. is cancri se ut vortat).—
B.
Trop., to turn, change, etc.:
jam verterat fortuna,
Liv. 5, 49, 5:
libertatem aliorum in suam vertisse servitutem conquerebantur,
id. 2, 3, 3:
totae solidam in glaciem vertere lacunae,
Verg. G. 3, 365: verterat pernicies in accusatorem, Tac. A. 11, 37:
quod si esset factum, detrimentum in bonum verteret,
Caes. B. C. 3, 73 fin.:
ea ludificatio veri in verum vertit,
Liv. 26, 6, 16: talia incepta, ni in consultorem vertissent, reipublicae pestem factura, against, Sall. H. inc. 89 Dietsch:
neque inmerito suum ipsorum exemplum in eos versurum,
Liv. 7, 38, 6:
si malus est, male res vortunt, quas agit,
turn out badly, Plaut. Pers. 4, 1, 5; so,
quae res tibi vertat male,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:
quod bene vertat, castra Albanos Romanis castris jungere jubet (= cum bonis omnibus),
Liv. 1, 28, 1; 3, 62, 5; 3, 35, 8:
quod bene verteret,
Curt. 5, 4, 12; 7, 11, 14:
hos illi (quod nec vertat bene), mittimus haedos,
Verg. E. 9, 6.—
b.
Annus, mensis vertens, the course or space of a year, of a month:
anno vertente sine controversiā (petisses),
Cic. Quint. 12, 40; so,
anno vertente,
id. N. D. 2, 20, 53; Nep. Ages. 4, 4; cf.:
apparuisse numen deorum intra finem anni vertentis,
Cic. Phil. 13, 10, 22:
tu si hanc emeris, Numquam hercle hunc mensem vortentem, credo, servibit tibi,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 76; Macr. S. 1, 14.—
(β).
Pregn.: annus vertens, the great year or cycle of the celestial bodies (a space of 15,000 solar years), Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24.—Hence, ver-sus ( vors-), or (much less freq.) ver-sum ( vors-), adv., turned in the direction of, towards a thing; usu. after the name of a place to which motion is directed (orig. a part., turned towards, facing, etc., and so always in Livy; cf. Liv. 1, 18, 6 Weissenb. ad loc.; 1, 41, 4; 9, 2, 15).
A.
Form versus (vors-).
1.
After ad and acc.:
T. Labienum ad Oceanum versus... proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33: ad Alpes versus, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 15, 2:
ad Cercinam insulam versus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 3: ad Cordubam versus, Auct. B. Hisp. 11: modo ad Urbem, modo in Galliam versus,
Sall. C. 56, 4. —
2.
After in and acc.:
in agrum versus,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 10:
in forum versus,
Cic. Lael. 25, 96:
in Arvernos versus,
Caes. B. G. 7, 8: si in urbem versus venturi erunt, Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78 (82), 3.—
3.
After acc. alone (class. only with names of towns and small islands):
verti me a Minturnis Arpinum versus,
Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:
Brundisium versus,
id. Fam. 11, 27, 3:
Ambraciam versus,
Caes. B. C. 3, 36:
Massiliam versus,
id. ib. 2, 3:
Narbonem versus,
id. B. G. 7, 7.—
4.
After other advv.:
deorsum versus,
Cato, R. R. 156, 4:
sursum versus,
Cic. Or. 39, 135:
dimittit quoquo versus legationes,
Caes. B. G. 7, 4:
ut quaedam vocabula utroque versus dicantur,
Gell. 5, 12, 10; cf. the adverbs deorsum, sursum, etc.—
B.
Form versum (vors-).
1.
After ad and acc.:
animadvertit fugam ad se versum fieri,
Sall. J. 58, 4.—
2.
After other advv.:
cunas rursum vorsum trahere,
Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 60 (63):
lumbis deorsum versum pressis,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 5:
vineam sursum vorsum semper ducito,
Cato, R. R. 33, 1:
cum undique versum circumfluat,
Gell. 12, 13, 20:
utroque vorsum rectum est ingenium meum,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 8.
► Versus is said by many lexicons to be also a prep.
, but no ancient authority can be safely cited for this use. The true readings are:
in Italiam versus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 1:
adversus aedem,
Liv. 8, 20, 8:
in forum versus,
Plin. 10, 43, 60, § 121; and perh. in oppidum, Auct. B. Hisp. 21.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > verto
8 sacer

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:
sacres porci,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:
quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,
Macr. S. 3, 7:
sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,
Gai. Inst. 2, 3.
I.
In gen.
(α).
Absol.:
quicquam (opp. profanum),
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:
aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,
locus sacer et profanus,
id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:
miscebis sacra profanis,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:
villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,
Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:
mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:
(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,
Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:
deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,
Ov. H. 9, 159:
aedes,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:
lucus late sacer,
Verg. A. 5, 761:
arvum Martis,
Ov. M. 7, 101:
ara,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:
aurum,
Liv. 5, 50; cf.
pecunia (opp. privata),
Quint. 4, 2, 8:
arma,
Liv. 24, 21:
tus,
Ov. M. 14, 130:
sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),
Cat. 68, 75:
ales (so called from its use in augury),
Verg. A. 11, 721:
luces (with profestae),
Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.
dies (with religiosus),
Suet. Tib. 61:
tempus,
Hor. C. S. 4:
commissum,
a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,
laurus,
id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:
robur,
Ov. M. 8, 752:
aqua,
Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:
fontes,
Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:
focus,
Hor. Epod. 2, 43:
Tarentum,
id. C. 1, 28, 29:
fines,
Sil. 3, 501; cf.
montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),
id. 4, 70;
vates (because dedicated to Apollo),
Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:
sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,
Hor. A. P. 391;
and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,
Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,
Cybebe,
id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;
v. the context).—Sacer Mons,
a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:
os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,
Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;
v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,
the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:
sacer lapis,
a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:
litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),
the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—
(β).
With gen. (class.):
ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,
urna Veneris,
id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:
urna Veneria,
id. ib. 2, 5, 18):
Dianae celebris dies,
Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:
sepulcrum Batti veteris,
Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:
illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—
(γ).
With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.
infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,
Ov. M. 7, 623:
esculus Jovi sacra,
Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:
Nymphis cervus,
Ov. M. 10, 109:
Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),
Verg. A. 6, 484:
pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,
Tac. A. 15, 53:
cupressus Diti sacra,
Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:
aesculus Jovi,
id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:
Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,
Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—
B.
Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):
silentium,
Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:
laedere amantes,
Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:
lingua (Ciceronis),
Mart. 5, 69, 7:
Maro,
id. 8. 56, 3:
quaedam patris memoria,
Quint. 11, 1, 59:
O sacer et magnus vatum labor,
Luc. 9, 983:
heu sacri vatum errores,
Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;
disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,
Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:
auris Caesaris,
Mart. 7, 99, 4:
sacri lateris custos,
id. 6, 76, 1:
apud aures sacras mentitus est,
Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:
se Imperatori mentitum,
id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.
II.
In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.
(α).
With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:
non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,
Macr. S. 3, 7.—
(β).
Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;
in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:
eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,
Liv. 3, 55.—
B.
Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
a.
Of persons:
ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:
homo sacerrimus,
id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —
b.
Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,
Cat. 14, 12:
hircus alarum,
id. 71, 1:
auri fames,
Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:
aurum fame,
Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:
venenum (Medeae),
Val. Fl. 7, 165:
nox,
id. 8, 25:
arma metu,
id. 4, 185; cf.
pavor,
id. 1, 798:
insania,
Stat. Th. 10, 804:
morbus,
i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:
ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,
Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).
A.
Lit.
(α).
Sing.:
sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:
ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,
Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:
omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,
Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:
metuens velut contingere sacrum,
id. S. 2, 3, 110:
apud Cluacinae sacrum,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:
Minervae,
Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:
theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,
Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:
sacrum Herculi facere,
Liv. 1, 7:
facere Junoni,
Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:
facto per Magos sacro,
Suet. Ner. 34:
sollemne sacrum conficere,
Flor. 1, 13, 16:
ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),
Quint. 1, 5, 67:
arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,
Liv. 41, 12:
sacrum piaculare fieri,
id. 29, 19:
sollemne Apollinis sacrum,
Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:
pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,
id. ib. 14, 80:
nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,
Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:
neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,
according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:
vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:
morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,
Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:
in sacro est,
id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—
(β).
Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:
sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,
Ov. M. 2, 713:
Troïa,
Tib. 2, 5, 40:
velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.
of the same,
Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:
cumque suis penetralia sacris,
i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:
jactata aequoribus sacra,
Hor. C.4,4,54:
pueri Sacra canunt,
sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:
sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,
sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:
neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,
Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:
sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,
Sall. C. 22, 2:
qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:
sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,
id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §
128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,
id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:
(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,
Liv. 1, 7; cf.:
sacra Jovi facturus erat,
Ov. M. 3, 26:
sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,
Verg. A. 4, 638:
ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,
Liv. 1, 20:
densi circumstant sacra ministri,
Ov. M. 2, 717:
arcana sacra,
Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:
fera,
id. ib. 13, 454:
nefanda,
id. ib. 10, 228:
mystica,
id. H. 2, 42:
horrida,
Sil. 3, 140:
veneranda,
id. 7, 382:
casta,
Stat. Achill. 1, 370.
a.
Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:
quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,
Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:
quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,
id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,
religio sacrorum,
id. Fl. 28, 69:
sacra Cereris conficere,
id. Balb. 24, 55; so,
Cereris,
Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):
Eleusina,
Suet. Claud. 23:
Junonis,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:
Orphica,
rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:
Bacchia,
Ov. M. 3, 518:
trieterica Bacchi,
id. ib. 6, 587:
Dianae,
id. ib. 7, 94;
15, 489: Isidis,
Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—
b.
The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):
sacra privata perpetua manento,
Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:
an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?
Liv. 5, 52:
ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,
Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:
docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,
id. ib. 2, 20, 49:
magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,
id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:
ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,
Liv. 4,2:
sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,
Cic. Mur. 12, 27:
sacrorum alienatio,
id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:
sacrum familiare,
Macr. S. 1, 16:
nuptialia,
marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;
called also jugalia,
Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—
c.
Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):
mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:
vatum,
Pers. prol. 7:
Maronis,
Mart. 7, 63, 5. —
2.
Prov.
a.
Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:
inter sacrum et saxum positus,
App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —
b.
Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—
B.
Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):
sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,
Ov. M. 7, 709:
peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,
Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:
omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,
id. 5, 13, 60):
litterarum colere,
id. 10, 1, 92:
studiorum profanare,
Tac. Or. 11.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sacer
9 religio

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]
I.
Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;
hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,
Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:
religione id est cultu deorum,
id. ib. 2, 3, 8:
religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,
id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:
(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,
id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;
with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,
id. ib. 5, 2, 3:
de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,
Quint. 12, 2, 21:
unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:
aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:
horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:
quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?
id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:
cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,
id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:
sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,
id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:
in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:
nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,
id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:
medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:
istorum religio sacrorum,
id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §
18: religio deorum immortalium,
id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:
per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:
religio divum,
Lucr. 6, 1276:
mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §
99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,
id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;
2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.
, of the same,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §
78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,
enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;
2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,
is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:
et obrui tales religio est,
id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:
hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,
of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:
venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,
id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §
110: de religione queri,
id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:
quae est ista religio?
Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:
ista est religio victimae,
id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:
expertes religionum omnium,
Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:
qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:
a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,
id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §
101: religiones expiare,
id. Mil. 27, 73:
ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,
id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:
scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,
Quint. 12, 3, 1:
civitas religionibus dedita,
Plin. Pan. 74, 5:
liberum a religionibus matutinum,
Col. 6, 2, 3.
II.
Transf.
A.
Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):
refrenatus religione,
Lucr. 5, 1114:
oppressa gravi sub religione vita,
id. 1, 64:
sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:
ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,
id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §
101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,
id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:
tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:
obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,
id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:
recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:
ad oblatam aliquam religionem,
id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:
non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,
Caes. B. C. 3, 72:
obicere religionem,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:
inicere religionem alicui,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:
vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,
id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:
Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,
id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:
nec eam rem habuit religioni,
id. Div. 1, 35, 77:
ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:
tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,
Liv. 4, 30:
cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,
id. 4, 31:
cum plenā religione civitas esset,
id. 7, 28; 21, 62:
nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:
ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,
Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:
rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),
Verg. G. 1, 270:
nulla mihi Religio est,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:
nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,
Curt. 6, 7, 7:
quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,
Liv. 28, 15; cf.:
movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,
id. 29, 18:
religio fuit, denegare nolui,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:
artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,
Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:
religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,
id. 1, 109:
plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 37:
natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,
id. ib. 6, 16:
religionibus impediri,
id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:
plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,
Liv. 41, 16:
nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,
id. 5, 52, 2:
pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,
id. 5, 52, 5.—
b.
Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:
ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11:
liberaret religione templum,
Liv. 45, 5:
se domumque religione exsolvere,
id. 5, 23.—In plur.:
inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,
Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—
c.
In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:
religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,
Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,
jurisjurandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:
nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,
Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:
nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,
id. ib. 1, 67:
religionem servare,
Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—
2.
In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:
fide et religione vitae defendi,
id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:
propter fidem et religionem judicis,
id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:
testimoniorum religionem et fidem,
id. Fl. 4, 9:
homo sine ullā religione ac fide,
Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:
sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,
officii,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
religio in consilio dando,
id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:
alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,
antiqua,
id. Caecin. 10, 28:
nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,
Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:
judicum religiones,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—
B.
Object.
1.
Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.
sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:
propter singularem ejus fani religionem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:
in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,
Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,
fani,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
sacrarii,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:
templorum,
Tac. H. 1, 40:
signi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:
jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,
Verg. A. 8, 349.—
2.
Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:
uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:
religionem restituere,
id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §
80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,
id. ib.; cf.:
praedo religionum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §
95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:
est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:
quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,
Verg. A. 2, 151.—
(β).
A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):
Christiana,
Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:
Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,
Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > religio
10 relligio

rĕlĭgĭo (in poetry also rellĭgĭo, to lengthen the first syllable), ōnis, f. [Concerning the etymology of this word, various opinions were prevalent among the ancients. Cicero (N. D. 2, 28, 72) derives it from relĕgere, an etymology favored by the verse cited ap. Gell. 4, 9, 1, religentem esse oportet, religiosum nefas; whereas Servius (ad Verg. A. 8, 349), Lactantius (4, 28), Augustine (Retract. 1, 13), al., assume religare as the primitive, and for this derivation Lactantius cites the expression of Lucretius (1, 931; 4, 7): religionum nodis animos exsolvere. Modern etymologists mostly agree with this latter view, assuming as root lig, to bind, whence also lic-tor, lex, and ligare; hence, religio sometimes means the same as obligatio; v. Corss. Aussprache, 1, 444 sq.; cf. Munro ad Lucr. 1, 109.]
I.
Reverence for God ( the gods), the fear of God, connected with a careful pondering of divine things; piety, religion, both pure inward piety and that which is manifested in religious rites and ceremonies;
hence the rites and ceremonies, as well as the entire system of religion and worship, the res divinae or sacrae, were frequently called religio or religiones (cf. our use of the word religion): qui omnia, quae ad cultum deorum pertinerent, diligenter retractarent et tamquam relegerent, sunt dicti religiosi ex relegendo, ut elegantes ex elegendo, tamquam a diligendo diligentes, ex intellegendo intellegentes: his enim in verbis omnibus inest vis legendi eadem, quae in religioso,
Cic. N. D. 2, 28, 72:
religione id est cultu deorum,
id. ib. 2, 3, 8:
religio est, quae superioris cujusdam naturae (quam divinam vocant) curam caerimoniamque affert,
id. Inv. 2, 53, 161:
(Pompilius) animos ardentes consuetudine et cupiditate bellandi religionum caeremoniis mitigavit, etc.,
id. Rep. 2, 14, 26;
with which cf.: illa diuturna pax Numae mater huic urbi juris et religionis fuit,
id. ib. 5, 2, 3:
de auguriis, responsis, religione denique omni,
Quint. 12, 2, 21:
unde enim pietas? aut a quibus religio?
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 2; cf. id. Leg. 2, 11, 26:
aliquem a pietate, religione deducere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12:
horum sententiae omnium non modo superstitionem tollunt, in quā inest timor inanis deorum, sed etiam religionem, quae deorum cultu pio continetur, etc.,
id. N. D. 1, 42, 117:
quis enim istas (Democriti) imagines... aut cultu aut religione dignas judicare?
id. ib. 1, 43, 121; cf.:
cum animus cultum deorum et puram religionem susceperit,
id. Leg. 1, 23, 60:
sacra Cereris summa majores nostri religione confici caerimoniaque voluerunt,
id. Balb. 24, 55; cf. id. Leg. 2, 22, 55:
in quibus erant omnia, quae sceleri propiora sunt quam religioni,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:
nec vero superstitione tollenda religio tollitur,
id. Div. 2, 72, 148; cf. id. Part. 23, 31:
medemini religioni sociorum, judices, conservate vestram. Neque enim haec externa vobis est religio (sc. Cereris) neque aliena, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 114:
istorum religio sacrorum,
id. Fl. 28, 69; id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 12; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 8, §
18: religio deorum immortalium,
id. Lael. 25, 96; cf.:
per deos immortales! eos ipsos, de quorum religione jam diu dicimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 47, § 105:
religio divum,
Lucr. 6, 1276:
mira quaedam totā Siciliā privatim ac publice religio est Cereris Hennensis... quantam esse religionem convenit eorum, apud quos eam (Cererem) natam esse constat?... tanta erit enim auctoritas illius religionis, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 49, § 107; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §
99: qui (Mercurius) apud eos summā religione coleretur,
id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 84; cf. id. ib. 2, 4, 39, § 85;
2, 4, 44, § 96: (simulacrum Dianae) translatum Carthaginem locum tantum hominesque mutarat: religionem quidem pristinam conservabat,
id. ib. 2, 4, 33, § 72; cf.
, of the same,
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, §
78: fanum Junonis tantā religione semper fuit, ut... semper inviolatum sanctumque fuit,
enjoyed such honor, was held in such reverence, id. ib. 2, 4, 46, § 103;
2, 4, 58, § 129: hac (panacea) evulsā scrobem repleri vario genere frugum religio est,
is a religious custom, Plin. 25, 4, 11, § 30; cf.:
et obrui tales religio est,
id. 30, 5, 14, § 42:
hi (barbari) ignari totius negotii ac religionis,
of religious belief, of religion, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 35, § 77; cf.:
venit mihi fani, loci, religionis illius in mentem,
id. ib. 2, 4, 50, §
110: de religione queri,
id. ib. 2, 4, 51, § 113.—In late and eccl. Lat., a religious ordinance, ceremony, rite:
quae est ista religio?
Vulg. Exod. 12, 26:
ista est religio victimae,
id. Num. 19, 2.—In plur.:
expertes religionum omnium,
Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:
qui in bello religionum et consuetudinis jura continent,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; cf.:
a quibus (rebus) etiam oculos cohibere te religionum jura cogebant,
id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §
101: religiones expiare,
id. Mil. 27, 73:
ceterae (nationes) pro religionibus suis bella suscipiunt, istae contra omnium religiones,
id. Font. 9, 30: Druides religiones interpretantur, religious matters, religion, Caes. B. G. 6, 13:
scientia morum ac religionum ejus rei publicae,
Quint. 12, 3, 1:
civitas religionibus dedita,
Plin. Pan. 74, 5:
liberum a religionibus matutinum,
Col. 6, 2, 3.
II.
Transf.
A.
Subject., conscientiousness, scrupulousness arising from religion, religious scruples, scruples of conscience, religious awe, etc. (cf. sanctimonia):
refrenatus religione,
Lucr. 5, 1114:
oppressa gravi sub religione vita,
id. 1, 64:
sese cum summā religione, tum summo metu legum et judiciorum teneri,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 75; cf.:
ut eam non metus, non religio contineret,
id. ib. 2, 4, 45, §
101: memini perturbari exercitum nostrum religione et metu, quod serenā nocte subito candens et plena luna defecisset,
id. Rep. 1, 15, 23:
tantā religione obstricta tota provincia est, tanta superstitio ex istius facto mentes omnium Siculorum occupavit, ut, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113; cf.:
obstrinxisti religione populum Romanum,
id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:
recitatis litteris oblata religio Cornuto est, etc.,
id. Fam. 10, 12, 3:
ad oblatam aliquam religionem,
id. Agr. 1, 2, 5:
non recordabantur, quam parvulae saepe causae vel falsae suspicionis vel terroris repentini vel objectae religionis magna detrimenta intulissent,
Caes. B. C. 3, 72:
obicere religionem,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 40; cf.:
inicere religionem alicui,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97:
vide ne quid Catulus attulerit religionis,
id. de Or. 2, 90, 367:
Gracchus cum rem illam in religionem populo venisse sentiret, ad senatum retulit,
id. N. D. 2, 4, 10:
nec eam rem habuit religioni,
id. Div. 1, 35, 77:
ut quae religio C. Mario non fuerat, quo minus C. Glauciam praetorem occideret, eā nos religione in privato P. Lentulo puniendo liberaremur,
id. Cat. 3, 6, 15:
tunc quoque, ne confestim bellum indiceretur, religio obstitit,
Liv. 4, 30:
cum ibi quoque religio obstaret, ne, etc... augures consulti eam religionem eximere,
id. 4, 31:
cum plenā religione civitas esset,
id. 7, 28; 21, 62:
nihil esse mihi, religio'st dicere,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 1, 16; cf.:
ut velut numine aliquo defensa castra oppugnare iterum, religio fuerit,
Liv. 2, 62; 6, 27:
rivos deducere nulla Religio vetuit (with fas et jura sinunt),
Verg. G. 1, 270:
nulla mihi Religio est,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 71:
nullā religione, ut scelus tegat, posse constrin gi,
Curt. 6, 7, 7:
quosdam religio ceperit ulterius quicquam eo die conandi,
Liv. 28, 15; cf.:
movendi inde thesauros incussa erat religio,
id. 29, 18:
religio fuit, denegare nolui,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 71.—In plur.: non demunt animis curas ac religiones Persarum montes, Varr. ap. Non. 379, 11:
artis Religionum animum nodis exsolvere,
Lucr. 1, 932; 4, 7:
religionibus atque minis obsistere vatum,
id. 1, 109:
plerique novas sibi ex loco religiones fingunt,
Caes. B. G. 6, 37:
natio est omnis Gallorum admodum dedita religionibus,
id. ib. 6, 16:
religionibus impediri,
id. ib. 5, 6; Auct. B. Alex. 74; Phaedr. 4, 10, 4:
plenis religionum animis, prodigia insuper nunciata,
Liv. 41, 16:
nullus locus non religionum deorumque est plenus,
id. 5, 52, 2:
pontifices flaminesque neglegentiores publicarum religionum esse,
id. 5, 52, 5.—
b.
Meton. ( effect. pro causā), a religious offence, giving rise to scruples of conscience:
ut si profectus non esset, nullā tamen mendacii religione obstrictus videretur,
Caes. B. C. 1, 11:
liberaret religione templum,
Liv. 45, 5:
se domumque religione exsolvere,
id. 5, 23.—In plur.:
inexpiabiles religiones in rem publicam inducere,
Cic. Phil. 1, 6, 13.—
c.
In partic.: religio jurisjurandi, or absol., scrupulousness in the fulfilment of an oath, the obligation of an oath, plighted faith:
religione jurisjurandi ac metu deorum in testimoniis dicendis commoveri,
Cic. Font. 9, 20; so,
jurisjurandi,
Caes. B. C. 1, 76 fin.; 3, 28; cf.:
nec Achaeos religione obstringerent,
Liv. 39, 37; Just. 1, 9, 18; 18, 6, 11. — Absol., Caes. B. C. 2, 32:
nocturna proelia esse vitanda, quod perterritus miles in civili dissensione timori magis quam religioni consulere consuerit,
id. ib. 1, 67:
religionem servare,
Nep. Ages. 2, 5.—
2.
In gen., a strict scrupulousness, anxiety, punctiliousness, conscientiousness, exactness, etc.: Atheniensium semper fuit prudens sincerumque judicium, nihil ut possent nisi incorruptum audire et elegans. Eorum religioni cum serviret orator, nullum verbum insolens, [p. 1557] nullum odiosum ponere audebat, Cic. Or. 8, 25; cf. id. ib. 11, 36; id. Brut. 82, 283:
fide et religione vitae defendi,
id. Deiot. 6, 16; cf.:
propter fidem et religionem judicis,
id. Rosc. Com. 15, 45; and:
testimoniorum religionem et fidem,
id. Fl. 4, 9:
homo sine ullā religione ac fide,
Nep. Chabr. 8, 2:
sin est in me ratio rei publicae, religio privati officii, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 3, 10; so,
officii,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 1, § 2:
religio in consilio dando,
id. Fam. 11, 29, 1:
alicujus facta ad antiquae religionis rationem exquirere,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10; so,
antiqua,
id. Caecin. 10, 28:
nefas est religionem decipi judicantis,
Amm. 30, 4, 10.—In plur.:
judicum religiones,
Cic. de Or. 1, 8, 31.—
B.
Object.
1.
Abstr., the holiness, sacredness, sanctity inhering in any religious object (a deity, temple, utensils, etc.; cf.
sanctitas): quae (fortissimorum civium mentes) mihi videntur ex hominum vitā ad deorum religionem et sanctimoniam demigrasse,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 10, 30:
propter singularem ejus fani religionem,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 96:
in sacerdotibus tanta offusa oculis animoque religio,
Liv. 2, 40, 3; so,
fani,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 110; id. Inv. 2, 1, 1:
sacrarii,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 5:
templorum,
Tac. H. 1, 40:
signi,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127:
jam tum religio pavidos terrebat agrestes Dira loci,
Verg. A. 8, 349.—
2.
Concr., an object of religious veneration, a sacred place or thing:
uno tempore Agrigentini beneficium Africani (sc. signum Apollinis), religionem domesticam, ornamentum urbis, etc.... requirebant,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 93; cf.:
religionem restituere,
id. ib. 2, 4, 36, §
80: sacrorum omnium et religionum hostis praedoque,
id. ib.; cf.:
praedo religionum,
id. ib. 2, 4, 43, §
95: quem tibi deum tantis eorum religionibus violatis auxilio futurum putas?
id. ib. 2, 4, 35, § 78; cf.:
est sceleris, quod religiones maximas violavit,
id. ib. 2, 4, 41, § 88.— Poet.:
quae religio aut quae machina belli, of the Trojan horse,
Verg. A. 2, 151.—
(β).
A system of religious belief, a religion (late Lat.):
Christiana,
Christianity, Eutr. 10, 16 fin.; Leo M. Serm. 66, 2 init.:
Christianam religionem absolutam et simplicem anili superstitione confundens,
Amm. 21, 16, 18; Lact. 5, 2, 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > relligio
11 facio

făcĭo, feci, factum, 3, v. a. and n.; in pass.: fio, factus, fieri ( imper. usually fac, but the arch form face is freq., esp. in Plaut. and Ter., as Plaut. As. prol. 4; 1, 1, 77; id. Aul. 2, 1, 30; id. Cist. 2, 1, 28; id. Ep. 1, 1, 37; 2, 2, 117; id. Most. 3, 2, 167 et saep.; Ter. And. 4, 1, 57; 4, 2, 29; 5, 1, 2; 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 10 al.; Cato, R. R. 23, 1; 26; 32 al.; Cat. 63, 78; 79; 82; Ov. Med. fac. 60; Val. Fl. 7, 179 al.; futur. facie for faciam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. dico, init., and the letter e:
faxo,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199; 2, 1, 42; 3, 3, 17; 3, 4, 14; 5, 1, 55 et saep.; Ter. And. 5, 2, 13; id. Eun. 2, 2, 54; 4, 3, 21 al.; Verg. A. 9, 154; 12, 316; Ov. M. 3, 271; 12, 594: faxim, Enn. ap. Non. 507, 23; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 13; id. Aul. 3, 2, 6; 3, 5, 20 al.; Ter. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13:
faxis,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Sil. 15, 362: faxit, Lex Numae in Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ALIVTA, p. 6 Mull.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 90; 3, 5, 54; id. Cas. 3, 5, 6 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:
faximus,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 40: faxitis, an old form in Liv. 23, 11, 2; 25, 12, 10; 29, 27, 3:
faxint,
Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; id. Aul. 2, 1, 27; 2, 2, 79 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; id. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 3, 2, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81; id. Fam. 14, 3, 3.—In pass. imper.:
fi,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 87; Hor. S. 2, 5, 38; Pers. 1, 1, 39:
fite,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89 al. — Indic.: facitur, Nigid. ap. Non. 507, 15: fitur, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 789:
fiebantur,
id. ib.: fitum est, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. 475, 16.— Subj.: faciatur, Titin. ib.— Inf.: fiere, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 75 P.; Ann. v. 15, ed. Vahl.; Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 10.—On the long i of fit, v. Ritschl, prol. p. 184, and cf. Plaut. Capt. prol. 25: ut fit in bello) [prob. root bha-; Sanscr. bhasas, light; Gr. pha-, in phainô, phêmi; cf. fax, facetiae, facilis, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 423.—But Curt. refers facio to root the- (strengthened THEK), Griech. Etym. p. 64], to make in all senses, to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass, cause, effect, create, commit, perpetrate, form, fashion, etc. (cf. in gen.:
ago, factito, reddo, operor, tracto): verbum facere omnem omnino faciendi causam complectitur, donandi, solvendi, judicandi, ambulandi, numerandi,
Dig. 50, 16, 218.
I.
Act.
A.
In gen.
(α).
With acc.: ut faber, cum quid aedificaturus est, non ipse facit materiam, sed ea utitur, quae sit parata, etc.... Quod si non est a deo materia facta, ne terra quidem et aqua et aer et ignis a deo factus est, Cic. N. D. Fragm. ap. Lact. 2, 8 (Cic. ed. Bait. 7, p. 121):
sphaera ab Archimede facta,
Cic. Rep. 1, 14:
fecitque idem et sepsit de manubiis comitium et curiam,
id. ib. 2, 17:
aedem,
id. ib. 2, 20:
pontem in Arari faciundum curat,
Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1:
castra,
id. ib. 1, 48, 2; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:
faber vasculum fecit,
Quint. 7, 10, 9:
classem,
Caes. B. G. 4, 21, 4:
cenas et facere et obire,
Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6:
ignem lignis viridibus,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45:
poema,
to compose, id. Pis. 29, 70:
carmina,
Juv. 7, 28:
versus,
id. 7, 38:
sermonem,
Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1; cf.
litteram,
id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: ludos, to celebrate, exhibit = edere, id. Rep. 2, 20; id. Att. 15, 10;
also i. q. ludificari,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 47:
sementes,
i. e. to sow, Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 1:
messem,
Col. 2, 10, 28:
pecuniam,
to make, acquire, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:
manum (with parare copias),
to collect, prepare, id. Caecin. 12, 33; so,
cohortes,
Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 4:
exercitum,
Vell. 2, 109, 2; and:
auxilia mercede,
Tac. A. 6, 33:
iter,
Cic. Att. 3, 1; id. Planc. 26, 65; id. Div. 1, 33, 73 et saep.; cf.
also the phrases: aditum sibi ad aures,
Quint. 4, 1, 46:
admirationem alicujus rei alicui,
to excite, Liv. 25, 11, 18; Sen. Ep. 115:
aes alienum,
Cic. Att. 13, 46, 4; Liv. 2, 23, 5; Sen. Ep. 119, 1:
alienationem disjunctionemque,
Cic. Lael. 21, 76:
animum alicui,
Liv. 25, 11, 10:
arbitrium de aliquo,
to decide, Hor. C. 4, 7, 21;
opp. arbitrium alicui in aliqua re,
i. e. to leave the decision to one, Liv. 43, 15, 5:
audaciam hosti,
id. 29, 34, 10:
audientiam orationi,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:
auspicium alicui,
Liv. 1, 34, 9; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 86:
auctoritatem,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 43:
bellum,
Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:
multa bona alicui,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 46:
castra,
to pitch, Tac. H. 5, 1:
caulem,
to form, Col. Arb. 54:
clamores,
to make, raise, Cic. Brut. 95, 326:
cognomen alicui,
to give, Liv. 1, 3, 9:
commercium sermonis,
id. 5, 15, 5:
concitationes,
Caes. B. C. 3, 106 fin.:
conjurationes,
to form, id. B. G. 4, 30 fin.:
consuetudinem alicui cum altero,
Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1:
consilia alicui,
Liv. 35, 42, 8:
contentionem cum aliquo,
Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:
controversiam,
to occasion, id. Or. 34, 121:
convicium magnum alicui,
id. Fam. 10, 16, 1:
copiam pugnandi militibus,
Liv. 7, 13, 10:
corpus,
to grow fat, corpulent, Cels. 7, 3 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 7, 5:
curam,
Tac. A. 3, 52:
damnum,
to suffer, Cic. Brut. 33, 125:
detrimentum,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:
desiderium alicujus, rei alicui,
Liv. 3, 34, 7; 7, 24, 10:
dicta,
Ov. F. 2, 375; 3, 515:
difficultatem,
Quint. 10, 3, 10 and 16:
discordiam,
to cause, Tac. H. 3, 48:
discrimen,
Quint. 7, 2, 14; 11, 1, 43:
disjunctionem (with alienationem),
Cic. Lael. 21, 76:
dolorem alicui,
id. Att. 11, 8, 2:
dulcedinem,
Sen. Ep. 111:
eloquentiam alicui (ira),
Quint. 6, 2, 26:
epigramma,
to write, Cic. Arch. 10, 25:
errorem,
Sen. Ep. 67:
eruptiones ex oppido,
Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 5:
exemplum,
Quint. 5, 2, 2: exempla = edere or statuere, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 66. exercitum, to raise, muster, Tac. A. 6, 33:
exspectationem,
Quint. 9, 2, 23:
facinus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95; Tac. A. 12, 31:
facultatem recte judicandi alicui,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 179:
fallaciam,
Ter. And. 1, 8, 7:
famam ingenii,
Quint. 11, 2, 46:
fastidium,
Liv. 3, 1, 7:
favorem alicui,
id. 42, 14, 10; Quint. 4, 1, 33:
fidem alicui,
Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4; id. Att. 7, 8, 1; Quint. 6, 2, 18:
finem,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; id. Rep. 2, 44:
formidinem,
to excite, Tac. H. 3, 10:
fortunam magnam (with parare),
Liv. 24, 22, 9:
fraudem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; Cic. Att. 4, 12:
fugam fecerunt, stronger than fugerunt,
Liv. 8, 9, 12 Weissenb.; Sall. J. 53, 3;
but: cum fugam in regia fecisset (sc. ceterorum),
Liv. 1, 56, 4; so,
fugam facere = fugare,
id. 21, 5, 16; 21, 52, 10:
fugam hostium facere,
id. 22, 24, 8; 26, 4, 8 al.:
gestum vultu,
Quint. 11, 3, 71:
gradum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8:
gratiam alicujus rei,
Liv. 3, 56, 4; 8, 34, 3:
gratulationem alicui,
Cic. Fam. 11, 18, 3; Sen. Ep. 6:
gratum alicui,
Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 56; Cic. Rep. 1, 21; cf.:
gratissimum alicui,
id. Fam. 7, 21 fin.:
histrioniam,
Plaut. Am. prol. 152:
homicidium,
to commit, Quint. 5, 9, 9:
hospitium cum aliquo,
Cic. Balb. 18, 42:
imperata,
Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 3:
impetum in hostem,
Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; Liv. 25, 11, 2:
incursionem,
Liv. 3, 38, 3:
indicium,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57, § 150:
inducias,
id. Phil. 8, 7, 20:
initium,
to begin, id. Agr. 2, 29, 79; cf.:
initia ab aliquo,
id. Rep. 1, 19:
injuriam,
id. ib. 3, 14 (opp. accipere); Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4; Quint. 3, 6, 49; 10, 1, 115:
insidias alicui,
Cic. Mil. 9, 23:
iram,
Quint. 6, 1, 14:
jacturam,
Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Fin. 2, 24, 79; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 7:
judicium,
Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2:
judicatum,
to execute, id. Fl. 20, 48:
jus alicui,
Liv. 32, 13, 6:
jussa,
Ov. F. 1, 379:
laetitiam,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
largitiones,
id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:
locum poetarum mendacio,
Curt. 3, 1, 4:
locum alicui rei,
Cels. 2, 14 fin.; 7, 4, 3; Curt. 4, 11, 8; Sen. Ep. 91, 13 et saep.:
longius,
Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22 al.:
valde magnum,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:
medicinam alicui,
to administer, id. Fam. 14, 7:
memoriam,
Quint. 11, 2, 4:
mentionem,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 2:
metum,
to excite, Tac. A. 6, 36:
turbida lux metum insidiarum faciebat,
suggested, Liv. 10, 33, 5:
metum alicui,
id. 9, 41, 11:
missum aliquem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:
modum irae,
Liv. 4, 50, 4:
moram,
Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 72:
morem alicujus rei sibi,
Liv. 35, 35, 13:
motus,
id. 28, 46, 8: multam alicui, Cato ap. Gell. 11, 1, 6:
munditias,
id. R. R. 2, 4:
mutationem,
Cic. Sest. 12, 27; id. Off. 1, 33, 120:
multa alicui,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 16:
naufragium,
to suffer, id. Fam. 16, 9, 1:
negotium alicui,
to give to do, make trouble for, Quint. 5, 12, 13; Just. 21, 4, 4:
nomen alicui,
Liv. 8, 15, 8; cf.
nomina,
to incur debts, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:
odium vitae,
Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 199:
officium suum,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 12:
omnia amici causa,
Cic. Lael. 10, 35; id. Fam. 5, 11, 2:
opinionem alicui,
id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:
orationem,
id. de Or. 1, 14, 63; id. Brut. 8, 30; id. Or. 51, 172:
otia alicui,
to grant, Verg. E. 1, 6:
pacem,
to conclude, Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:
pecuniam ex aliqua re,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:
periculum,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 9; Tac. A. 13, 33; 16, 19; Sall. C. 33, 1: perniciem alicui, to cause, = parare, Tac. H. 2, 70:
planum,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:
potestatem,
id. Cat. 3, 5, 11; id. Rep. 2, 28:
praedam,
Caes. B. G. 4, 34, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 156; Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 8:
praedas ab aliquo,
Nep. Chabr. 2, 2:
proelium,
to join, Caes. B. G. 1, 13; Cic. Deiot. 5, 13; Liv. 25, 1, 5; Tac. H. 4, 79; id. A. 12, 40:
promissum,
Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95:
pudorem,
Liv. 3, 31, 3:
ratum,
id. 28, 39, 16:
rem,
Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12:
reum,
to accuse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38: risum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 40; 48:
scelus,
to commit, Tac. H. 1, 40:
securitatem alicui,
Liv. 36, 41, 1:
sermonem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:
significationem ignibus,
Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 3:
silentium,
Liv. 24, 7, 12:
somnum,
to induce, Juv. 3, 282:
spem,
Cic. Att. 3, 16; Liv. 30, 3, 7:
spiritus,
id. 30, 11, 3:
stercus,
Col. 2, 15:
stipendia,
Sall. J. 63, 3; Liv. 3, 27, 1; 5, 7, 5:
stomachum alicui,
Cic. Att. 5, 11, 2; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:
suavium alicui,
Plaut. As. 4, 1, 53:
suspicionem,
Cic. Fl. 33, 83:
taedium alicujus rei,
Liv. 4, 57, 11:
terrorem iis,
to inflict, id. 10, 25, 8:
timorem,
to excite, id. 6, 28, 8:
mihi timorem,
Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:
totum,
Dig. 28, 5, 35:
transitum alicui,
Liv. 26, 25, 3:
turbam,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 2:
urinam,
Col. 6, 19:
usum,
Quint. 10, 3, 28:
vadimonium,
Cic. Quint. 18, 57:
verbum, verba,
to speak, talk, id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:
verbum,
to invent, id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:
versus,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 5:
vestigium,
id. Rab. Post. 17, 47: viam [p. 717] sibi, Liv. 3, 5, 6:
vim alicui or in aliquem,
id. 38, 24, 4; 3, 5, 5:
vires,
to get, acquire, Quint. 10, 3, 3:
vitium,
Cic. Top. 3, 15 al. —
(β).
With ut, ne, quin, or the simple subj.:
faciam, ut ejus diei locique meique semper meminerit,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 20:
facere ut remigret domum,
id. Pers. 4, 6, 3; id. Capt. 3, 4, 78; 4, 2, 77:
ea, quantum potui, feci, ut essent nota nostris,
Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8:
facito, ut sciam,
id. Att. 2, 4, 4:
non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi illam epistolam non mitteres,
id. ib. 11, 21, 1:
si facis ut patriae sit idoneus,
Juv. 14, 71:
ut nihil ad te dem litterarum facere non possum,
Cic. Ac. 8, 14, 1; for which, with quin:
facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,
I cannot forbear sending, id. ib. 12, 27, 2:
fecisti, ut ne cui maeror tuus calamitatem afferret,
id. Clu. 60, 168:
fac, ne quid aliud cures,
id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:
domi assitis, facite,
Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 53:
fac fidele sis fidelis,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:
fac cupidus mei videndi sis,
Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 5:
fac cogites,
id. ib. 11, 3, 4.—In pass.:
fieri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6: potest fieri, ut iratus dixerit, etc., Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:
nec fieri possit, ut non statim alienatio facienda sit,
id. Lael. 21, 76; so with ut non, id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190 (Zumpt, Gram. § 539).—
(γ).
With inf. = efficere, curare, to cause (rare):
nulla res magis talis oratores videri facit,
Cic. Brut. 38, 142; Pall. 6, 12:
aspectus arborum macrescere facit volucres inclusas,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 3; Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114:
qui nati coram me cernere letum Fecisti,
Verg. A. 2, 539; Ov. H. 17, 174:
mel ter infervere facito,
Col. 12, 38, 5 (perh. also in Ov. H. 6, 100, instead of favet, v. Loers. ad h. l.; cf. infra, B. 4.).—
(δ).
Absol.:
ego plus, quam feci, facere non possum,
Cic. Fam. 11, 14, 3:
faciam, ut potero, Laeli,
id. de Sen. 3, 7; cf. id. Rep. 1, 24:
noli putare, pigritia me facere, quod non mea manu scribam,
id. Att. 16, 15, 1; so,
facere = hoc or id facere,
Lucr. 4, 1112 (cf. Munro ad loc.); 1153: vereor ne a te rursus dissentiam. M. Non facies, Quinte, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33;
so after scribam,
id. Att. 16, 16, 15:
nominaverunt,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 50;
after disserere: tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,
id. ib. 2, 11, 22;
after fingere: ut facit apud Platonem Socrates,
id. ib.:
necesse erit uti epilogis, ut in Verrem Cicero fecit,
Quint. 6, 1, 54:
qui dicere ac facere doceat,
id. 2, 3, 11:
faciant equites,
Juv. 7, 14; Liv. 42, 37, 6:
petis ut libellos meos recognoscendos curem. Faciam,
Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; 5, 1, 4 et saep. (cf. the use of facio, as neutr., to resume or recall the meaning of another verb, v. II. E. infra; between that use and this no line can be drawn).
B.
In partic.
1.
With a double object, to make a thing into something, to render it something:
senatum bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:
te disertum,
id. ib. 2, 39 fin.:
iratum adversario judicem,
id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:
heredem filiam,
to appoint, constitute, id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:
aliquem regem,
Just. 9, 6:
aliquem ludos,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 75:
aliquem absentem rei capitalis reum,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:
animum dubium,
id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27:
injurias irritas,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63:
vectigalia sibi deteriora,
Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4:
hi consules facti sunt,
Cic. de Sen. 5, 14:
disciplina doctior facta civitas,
id. Rep. 2, 19:
di ex hominibus facti,
id. ib. 2, 10; cf.:
tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti,
Sall. J. 10, 2.—In pass.:
quo tibi sumere depositum clavum fierique tribuno?
to become a tribune, Hor. S. 1, 6, 25.—
2.
to value, esteem, regard a person or thing in any manner (like the Engl. make, in the phrase to make much of).—Esp. with gen. pretii:
in quo perspicere posses, quanti te, quanti Pompeium, quem unum ex omnibus facio, ut debeo, plurimi, quanti Brutum facerem,
Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 2:
te quotidie pluris feci,
id. ib. 3, 4, 2:
voluptatem virtus minimi facit,
id. Fin. 2, 13, 42:
dolorem nihili facere,
to care nothing for, to despise, id. ib. 27, 88:
nihili facio scire,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 42:
negat se magni facere, utrum, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 38:
parum id facio,
Sall. J. 85, 31: si illi aliter nos faciant quam aequum sit. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 43.—
3.
With gen., to make a thing the property of a person, subject it to him: omnia, quae mulieris fuerunt, viri fiunt, Cic. Top. 4, 23.—Esp.: facere aliquid dicionis alicujus, to reduce to subjection under a person or power:
omnem oram Romanae dicionis fecit,
Liv. 21, 60, 3:
dicionis alienae facti,
id. 1, 25, 13; 5, 27, 14; cf.: ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret, to make it ( seem) his own bounty, Just. 13, 4, 9:
ne delecto imperatore alio sui muneris rempublicam faceret,
Tac. A. 15, 52.—
4.
To represent a thing in any manner, to feign, assert, say. —Constr. with acc. and adj. or part., or with acc. and inf.
(α).
Acc. and part.:
in eo libro, ubi se exeuntem e senatu et cum Pansa colloquentem facit,
id. Brut. 60, 218:
Xenophon facit... Socratem disputantem,
id. N. D. 1, 12, 31; cf.:
ejus (Socratis) oratio, qua facit eum Plato usum apud judices,
id. Tusc. 1, 40 fin. al.—
(β).
Acc. and inf.:
qui nuper fecit servo currenti in via decesse populum,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 31:
fecerat et fetam procubuisse lupam,
Verg. A. 8, 630; cf. Ov. M. 6, 109, v. Bach ad h. l.:
poetae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35:
quem (Herculem) Homerus apud inferos conveniri facit ab Ulixe,
id. N. D. 3, 16, 41:
Plato construi a deo mundum facit,
id. ib. 1, 8, 19:
Plato Isocratem laudari fecit a Socrate,
id. Opt. Gen. 6, 17; id. Brut. 38, 142:
M. Cicero dicere facit C. Laelium,
Gell. 17, 5, 1:
caput esse faciunt ea, quae perspicua dicunt,
Cic. Fia. 4, 4, 8, v. Madv. ad h. l.—
(γ).
In double construction:
Polyphemum Homerus cum ariete colloquentem facit ejusque laudare fortunas,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 39 fin. —
5.
To make believe, to pretend:
facio me alias res agere,
Cic. Fam. 15, 18:
cum verbis se locupletem faceret,
id. Fl. 20:
me unum ex iis feci, qui, etc.,
id. Planc. 27, 65.—
6.
Hypothetically in the imper. fac, suppose, assume:
fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1; cf.:
fac potuisse,
id. Phil. 2, 3, 5:
fac animos non remanere post mortem,
id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; 1, 29, 70:
fac velit,
Stat. Ach. 2, 241:
fac velle,
Verg. A. 4, 540.—
7.
In mercant. lang., to practise, exercise, follow any trade or profession:
cum mercaturas facerent,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:
naviculariam,
id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §
46: argentariam,
id. ib. 2, 5, 49, § 155; id. Caecin. 4, 10:
topiariam,
id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 5:
haruspicinam,
id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:
praeconium,
id. ib.; so,
piraticam,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:
medicinam,
Phaedr. 1, 14, 2.—
8.
In relig. lang., like the Gr. rhezein, to perform or celebrate a religious rite; to offer sacrifice, make an offering, to sacrifice:
res illum divinas apud eos deos in suo sacrario quotidie facere vidisti,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8, § 18:
sacra pro civibus,
id. Balb. 24, 55:
sacrificium publicum,
id. Brut. 14, 56.— Absol.:
a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae, cui omnes consules facere necesse est, consulem avellere,
Cic. Mur. 41, 90.—With abl.:
cum faciam vitula pro frugibus,
Verg. E. 3, 77:
catulo,
Col. 2, 22, 4.— Pass. impers.:
cum pro populo fieret,
Cic. Att. 1, 13, 3:
quibus diis decemviri ex libris ut fieret, ediderunt,
Liv. 37, 3, 5.—
9.
In gram., to make, form in inflecting:
cur aper apri et pater patris faciat?
Quint. 1, 6, 13; so id. 14; 15; 27; cf.:
sic genitivus Achilli et Ulixi fecit,
id. 1, 5, 63; 1, 6, 26:
eadem (littera) fecit ex duello bellum,
id. 1, 4, 15.—
10.
In late Lat., (se) facere aliquo, to betake one's self to any place:
intra limen sese facit,
App. 5, p. 159, 25;
without se: homo meus coepit ad stelas facere,
Petr. 62:
ad illum ex Libya Hammon facit,
Tert. Pall. 3.—
11.
Peculiar phrases.
a.
Quid faciam (facias, fiet, etc.), with abl., dat., or (rare) with de, what is to be done with a person or thing? quid hoc homine facias? Cic. Sest. 13, 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40:
nescit quid faciat auro,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 100:
quid tu huic homini facias?
Cic. Caecin. 11, 30; cf.:
quid enim tibi faciam,
id. Att. 7, 3, 2: quid faceret huic conclusioni, i. e. how should he refute, etc., id. Ac. 2, 30, 96:
quid facias illi?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 63:
miserunt Delphos consultum quidnam facerent de rebus suis,
Nep. Them. 2: quid fecisti scipione? what have you done with the stick? or, what has become of it? Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 6; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—In pass.:
quid Tulliola mea fiet?
Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3:
quid illo fiet? quid me?
id. Att. 6, 1, 14:
quid fiet artibus?
id. Ac. 2, 33, 107:
quid mihi fiet?
Ov. A. A. 1, 536:
quid de illa fiet fidicina igitur?
Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 48: de fratre quid fiet? Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 39.— Absol.:
quid faciat Philomela? fugam custodia claudit?
Ov. M. 6, 572:
quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat, etc.,
Verg. E. 1, 41 al. —
b.
Fit, factum est aliquo or aliqua re, it happens to, becomes of a person or thing:
volo Erogitare, meo minore quid sit factum filio,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 32:
nec quid deinde iis (elephantis) factum sit, auctores explicant,
Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:
quid eo est argento factum?
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 106.—Hence,
(β).
Esp., si quid factum sit aliquo, if any thing should happen to one (i. q. si quid acciderit humanitus), euphemistically for if one should die:
si quid eo factum esset, in quo spem essetis habituri?
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 20, 59; cf.:
eum fecisse aiunt, sibi quod faciendum fuit,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 23. —
c.
Ut fit, as it usually happens, as is commonly the case:
praesertim cum, ut fit, fortuito saepe aliquid concluse apteque dicerent,
Cic. Or. 53, 177:
queri, ut fit, incipiunt,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:
dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat,
id. Mil. 10, 28:
fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia,
Liv. 3, 1, 7.—
d.
Fiat, an expression of assent, so be it! very good! fiat, geratur mos tibi, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 146; id. As. 1, 1, 27; id. Am. 2, 2, 138; id. Most. 4, 3, 44 al.—
e.
Dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, without delay, at once; v. dictum under dico, A. d.—
12.
In certain phrases the ellipsis of facere is common, e. g. finem facere:
Quae cum dixisset, Cotta finem,
Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94; id. Fin. 4, 1 init. —With nihil aliud quam, quid alium quam, nihil praeterquam, which often = an emphatic Engl. only (but not in Cic.):
Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit,
Nep. Ages. 2:
per biduum nihil aliud quam steterunt parati,
Liv. 34, 46; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Aug. 83; Liv. 2, 63; 4, 3; 3, 26.—So with nihil amplius quam, nihil prius quam, nihil minus quam, Liv. 26, 20; 35, 11; Suet. Dom. 3.
II.
Neutr.
A.
With adverbs, to do, deal, or act in any manner:
recta et vera loquere, sed neque vere neque recte adhuc Fecisti umquam,
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7;
v. recte under rego: bene fecit Silius, qui transegerit,
Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1:
seu recte seu perperam,
to do right or wrong, id. Quint. 8, 31:
Dalmatis di male faciant,
id. Fam. 5, 11 fin.:
facis amice,
in a friendly manner, id. Lael. 2, 9; cf.:
per malitiam,
maliciously, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:
humaniter,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:
imperite,
id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:
tutius,
Quint. 5, 10, 68:
voluit facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: bene facere, to profit, benefit (opp. male facere, to hurt, injure), Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 25; 5, 7, 19; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 22; id. Capt. 5, 2, 23; v. also under benefacio and benefactum.—
B.
Facere cum or ab aliquo, to take part with one, to side with one; and opp. contra (or adversus) aliquem, to take part against one:
si respondisset, idem sentire et secum facere Sullam,
Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf.:
cum illo consulem facere,
id. Att. 6, 8, 2; and:
secum consules facere,
id. Planc. 35, 86:
auctoritatem sapientissimorum hominum facere nobiscum,
id. Caecin. 36, 104; cf.:
rem et sententiam interdicti mecum facere fatebatur,
id. ib. 28, 79:
cum veritas cum hoc faciat,
is on his side, id. Quint. 30, 91:
commune est, quod nihilo magis ab adversariis quam a nobis facit,
id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:
omnes damnatos, omnes ignominia affectos illac (a or cum Caesare) facere,
id. Att. 7, 3, 5:
quae res in civitate duae plurimum possunt, eae contra nos ambae faciunt in hoc tempore,
id. Quint. 1, 1:
neque minus eos cum quibus steterint quam adversus quos fecerint,
Nep. Eum. 8, 2:
cum aliquo non male facere,
to be on good terms with, Ov. Am. 3, 762.—
C.
In late Lat. facere cum aliqua = vivere cum aliqua, to live in matrimony, to be married, Inscr. Orell. 4646. —
D.
Ad aliquid, alicui, or absol., to be good or of use for any thing; to be useful, of service:
chamaeleon facit ad difficultatem urinae,
Plin. 22, 18, 21, § 46; Scrib. Comp. 122:
ad talem formam non facit iste locus,
Ov. H. 16, 190; cf. id. ib. 6, 128; id. Am. 1, 2, 16 al.:
radix coronopi coeliacis praeclare facit,
Plin. 22, 19, 22, § 48; so with dat., Plin. Val. 2, 1; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 20:
facit autem commode ea compositio, quam, etc.,
Col. 7, 5, 7; 8, 17, 13:
nec caelum, nec aquae faciunt, nec terra, nec aurae,
do not benefit me, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 23:
mire facit in peroratione confessio,
Quint. 11, 3, 173; 171; cf. with a subject-clause: plurimum facit, totas diligenter [p. 718] nosse causas, id. 6, 4, 8: ad aliquid or alicui signifies also to suit, fit:
non faciet capiti dura corona meo,
Prop. 3, 1, 19; cf. Ov. H. 16, 189.—
E.
Like the Gr. poiein or dran, and the Engl. to do, instead of another verb (also for esse and pati):
factum cupio (sc. id esse),
Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 24:
factum volo,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 91; id. Most. 3, 2, 104:
an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi facere non potuerunt?
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:
nihil his in locis nisi saxa et montes cogitabam: idque ut facerem, orationibus inducebar tuis,
id. Leg. 2, 1, 2; cf.:
Demosthenem, si illa pronuntiare voluisset, ornate splendideque facere potuisse,
id. Off. 1, 1 fin.; and:
cur Cassandra furens futura prospiciat, Priamus sapiens hoc idem facere nequeat?
id. Div. 1, 39, 85; so id. Ac. 2, 33, 107; id. Att. 1, 16, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Nep. Chabr. 3, 4; 4, 3 al.:
vadem te ad mortem tyranno dabis pro amico, ut Pythagoreus ille Siculo fecit tyranno (here also with the case of the preceding verb),
Cic. Fin. 2, 24 fin. (v. Madv. ad h. l. p. 278):
jubeas (eum) miserum esse, libenter quatenus id facit (i. e. miser est),
what he is doing, Hor. S. 1, 1, 64:
in hominibus solum existunt: nam bestiae simile quiddam faciunt (i. q. patiuntur or habent),
Cic. Tusc. 4, 14; so,
ne facias quod Ummidius quidam (= ne idem experiaris, ne idem tibi eveniat),
Hor. S. 1, 1, 94. —
F.
Facere omitted, especially in short sentences expressing a judgment upon conduct, etc.:
at stulte, qui non modo non censuerit, etc.,
Cic. Off. 3, 27, 101.—Hence,
1.
factus, a, um, P. a.
A.
As adjective ante-class. and very rare:
factius nihilo facit, sc. id, i. e. nihilo magis effectum reddit,
is no nearer bringing it about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 6; cf. Lorenz ad loc.—Far more freq.,
B.
In the neutr. as subst.: factum, i ( gen. plur. factum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 Trag. 81), that which is done, a deed, act, exploit, achievement (syn.: res gestae, facinus).
1.
In gen.:
depingere,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 5, 38:
facere factum,
Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 5; id. Mil. 3, 1, 139:
dicta et facta,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12:
opus facto est,
id. Phorm. 4, 5, 4:
ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed, etc.,
Cic. Sull. 26, 72: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A. 1;
14, 9, 2: quod umquam eorum in re publica forte factum exstitit?
id. ib. 8, 14, 2:
praeclarum atque divinum,
id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:
egregium,
id. Fam. 10, 16, 2; id. Cael. 10, 23:
factum per se improbabile,
Quint. 7, 4, 7; 6, 1, 22:
illustre,
Nep. Arist. 2, 2; cf.:
illustria et gloriosa,
Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:
forte,
id. Att. 8, 14, 2:
dira,
Ov. M. 6, 533:
nefanda,
id. H. 14, 16 al.; but also with the adv.:
recte ac turpiter factum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5; cf.:
multa huius (Timothei) sunt praeclare facta sed haec maxime illustria,
Nep. Timoth. 1, 2;
v. Zumpt, Gram. § 722, 2: dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,
Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:
quo facto aut dicto adest opus,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 15 et saep.:
famam extendere factis,
Verg. A. 10, 468: non hominum video. non ego facta boum, doings, i. e. works, Ov. H. 10, 60.—
2.
In partic., bonum factum, like the Gr. agathê tuchê, a good deed, i. e. well done, fortunate (ante-class. and post-Aug.):
bonum factum'st, edicta ut servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16; cf. id. ib. 44; cf.:
hoc factum est optimum, ut, etc.,
id. Ps. 1, 2, 52:
majorum bona facta,
Tac. A. 3, 40; cf. id. ib. 3, 65. —At the commencement of edicts, Suet. Caesar, 80; id. Vit. 14; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 49, 17; Tert. Pudic. 1.—(But in the class. per. factum in this sense is a participle, and is construed with an adv.:
bene facta,
Sall. C. 8, 5; id. J. 85, 5; Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64:
recte, male facta,
id. Off. 2, 18, 62:
male facto exigua laus proponitur,
id. Leg. Agr. 2, 2, 5; id. Brut. 43, 322; Quint. 3, 7, 13; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 460).—
* 2.
facteon, a word jestingly formed by Cicero, after the analogy of the Greek, for faciendum: quare, ut opinor, philosophêteon, id quod tu facis, et istos consulatus non flocci facteon, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 13 Orell. N. cr. (for facteon, Ernesti has eateon).

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > facio
12 bonae

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
I.
Attributively.
A.
As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
1.
Vir bonus.
(α).
A man morally good (kalos kagathos):
quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:
ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:
sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:
qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:
non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:
ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
(β).
An honest man:
justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;
3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:
quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
(γ).
A man of good standing in the community:
id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:
tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;
37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:
vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:
praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
(δ).
Ironically of bad men:
sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:
expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:
nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;
so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:
quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
(ε).
Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):
bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
(ζ).
As a conventional courtesy:
homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:
sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
2.
Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:
in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
3.
With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:
bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):
boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:
bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:
senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:
bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:
bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:
bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:
bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:
bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:
naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):
bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:
bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:
poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:
bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:
bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:
bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:
bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:
bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:
sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:
actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:
cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:
melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:
bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:
dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:
bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:
filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:
patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:
parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:
uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:
amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:
optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:
auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;
and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:
bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:
eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:
optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
4.
Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
(α).
In gen.:
sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:
fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:
divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
(β).
Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:
(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:
Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:
in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:
nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
(γ).
Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:
di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:
di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:
di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:
alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
(δ).
Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
5.
Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
(α).
Vir optimus:
per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:
virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:
fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:
consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
(β).
Femina bona, optima:
tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —
(γ).
Senex, pater, frater, etc.:
optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:
insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:
C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
(δ).
With proper names ( poet.):
optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:
Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:
optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
(ε).
Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:
quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:
gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:
ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:
bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:
optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
6.
Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
(α).
Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):
Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.
in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
(β).
Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
(γ).
Bona Fortuna:
si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:
Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:
FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
(δ).
Bona Spes:
Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:
BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
(ε).
BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:
Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.
B.
With nouns denoting things.
1.
Things concrete, denoting excellence:
navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:
gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:
id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:
tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:
per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:
bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:
praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:
bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:
bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:
villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:
scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:
perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §
38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:
equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:
boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:
super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:
mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:
equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:
tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:
fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:
ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:
animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:
bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:
scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,
bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
2.
Things abstract.
a.
Of physical well-being:
ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:
non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:
bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:
optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:
bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
b.
Of the mind and soul:
meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:
optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:
bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:
mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:
duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:
bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:
memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:
bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:
bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:
pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
c.
Of moral relations:
ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;
v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:
fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:
bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:
quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:
Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
d.
Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:
bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:
bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;
v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:
bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:
versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:
meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:
in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:
melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
e.
Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:
de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:
bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:
si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.
fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:
occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:
senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:
bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;
esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:
ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:
optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;
v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:
melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:
cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:
amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:
omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.
Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;
optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:
auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:
memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
f.
Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:
optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,
optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:
lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
g.
Good = large, considerable:
bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:
bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:
bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
h.
Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:
si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
k.
Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
(α).
Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:
primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:
bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:
oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:
obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:
cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.
. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
(β).
Bona pax, without quarrelling:
bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;
so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
(γ).
Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:
igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—
(δ).
Bona societas, alliance:
Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.
C.
In particular phrases.
1.
Bonae res.
a.
= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:
concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:
optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
b.
= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:
bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:
in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
c.
Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:
homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
d.
Costly things, articles of luxury:
capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:
nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:
ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:
re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
e.
Moral, morally good:
illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:
ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:
quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—
f.
In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:
res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:
studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
2.
Bonae artes.
(α).
A good, laudable way of dealing:
qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:
huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:
quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—
(β).
Liberal arts and sciences:
litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:
conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:
optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
3.
Bona fides, or fides bona.
a.
Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:
dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:
si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
b.
Jurid. t. t.
(α).
Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:
ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;
41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
(β).
Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:
actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:
quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:
iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
4.
Bona verba.
(α).
Kind words:
Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
(β).
Words of good omen (v. omen):
dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:
dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—
(γ).
Elegant or well-chosen expressions:
quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:
verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:
omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
(δ).
Moral sayings:
non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
5.
Bona dicta.
(α).
Polite, courteous language:
hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
(β).
Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:
dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:
ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
6.
Bona facta.
(α).
= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:
nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—
(β).
Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):
bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:
haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,
(γ).
Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:
peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:
et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:
hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:
o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—
7.
Bona gratia.
(α).
A friendly understanding:
cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,
per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
(β).
Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
8.
Bona pars.
(α).
The well-disposed part of a body of persons:
ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:
pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—
(β).
The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):
civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:
(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:
qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
(γ).
Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):
bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:
bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:
bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:
bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:
bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:
meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:
melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—
(δ).
Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:
nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:
quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:
major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:
Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
(ε).
Adverb.:
bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—
(ζ).
Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:
Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:
quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
9.
Dies bonus or bona.
(α).
A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):
tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:
nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—
(β).
A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
10.
Bonus mos.
(α).
Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:
nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:
nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:
domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:
mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
(β).
Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:
ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:
conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
11.
Adverbial phrases.
a.
Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
(α).
To be of good cheer or courage:
bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:
animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:
bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:
bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:
habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:
habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:
bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:
clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
(β).
Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:
audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:
bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:
quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
(γ).
Bonus animus, good temper, patience:
bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:
vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—
b.
Bono modo.
(α).
= placide, with composure, moderation:
si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
(β).
In a decent manner:
neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
c.
Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:
te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:
ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:
ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;
similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
II.
As subst.
A.
bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
1.
In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
(α).
Plur.:
bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:
melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:
diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:
oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:
tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:
quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
(β).
Sing.:
malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:
nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:
qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
2.
Bonus, a man of honor.
(α).
A brave man:
pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:
libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:
fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):
fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
(β).
A gentleman:
quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
3.
Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
(α).
In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;
so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:
audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:
ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:
etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:
maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,
optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:
bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
(β).
Without reference to political views;
opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:
semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:
elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:
ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:
da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
4.
Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
5.
Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
(α).
Referring to morality:
esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:
qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:
quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
(β).
Of the educated classes:
adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:
Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:
optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
(γ).
Honorable, brave:
optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,
Sall. J. 92, 8.—
(δ).
In gen., excellent:
optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—
(ε).
Distributively:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
(ζ).
Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):
hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
(η).
Attributively, with a noun:
optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:
optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.
2.
bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
1.
Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;
nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:
quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:
ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
2.
Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:
quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:
multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:
tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:
omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:
sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:
nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:
mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:
quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):
melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:
meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:
optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;
v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:
ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
3.
Bonum or bona, prosperity:
fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:
unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:
quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
4.
Good qualities, gifts:
omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:
magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:
nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:
non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:
gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
5.
Advantage, benefit:
si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:
saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:
maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:
hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
6.
With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:
si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:
si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:
a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:
istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
7.
Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
a.
In gen.:
paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:
bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:
cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:
bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:
at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
b.
Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
(α).
Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
(β).
Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:
postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:
edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:
bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
(γ).
Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
c.
In bonis esse;
with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:
neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
III.
Predicative use.
A.
With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
1.
Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:
nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:
bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:
itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:
Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:
ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —
2.
To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:
jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:
oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:
vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:
quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:
non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:
quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:
in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:
meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:
parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:
si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:
quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;
3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;
and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
3.
To be kind:
bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:
hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
4.
With reference to the gods:
ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:
Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
B.
Impers.
1.
Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
(α).
Without a subject:
bonum sit!
may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
(β).
With subject inf.:
nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:
bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
2.
Melius est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:
nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,
melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
(β).
With subject inf.-clause:
meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
(γ).
With ut-clause:
quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
(δ).
With subjectclause in the subjunctive:
nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
3.
Optimum est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:
si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
(β).
With inf.-clause:
constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
(γ).
With ut and subj:
hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
(δ).
With quod:
illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:
optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
(ε).
With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):
sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:
optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:
optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
IV.
Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:
di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:
di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:
di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:
id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;
similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
V.
With object expressed,
1.
By dat.
(α).
= good, useful, beneficial for:
ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:
quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:
bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—
(β).
= benignus or propitius, kind to:
vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:
bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:
vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—
(γ).
= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:
qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:
tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:
terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
(δ).
With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:
accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:
bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:
quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.
ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
(ε).
With dat. gerund:
ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:
(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
2.
By ad and acc.:
refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:
occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:
non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonae
13 bonus

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
I.
Attributively.
A.
As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
1.
Vir bonus.
(α).
A man morally good (kalos kagathos):
quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:
ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:
sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:
qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:
non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:
ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
(β).
An honest man:
justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;
3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:
quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
(γ).
A man of good standing in the community:
id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:
tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;
37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:
vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:
praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
(δ).
Ironically of bad men:
sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:
expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:
nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;
so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:
quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
(ε).
Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):
bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
(ζ).
As a conventional courtesy:
homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:
sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
2.
Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:
in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
3.
With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:
bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):
boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:
bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:
senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:
bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:
bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:
bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:
bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:
bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:
naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):
bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:
bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:
poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:
bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:
bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:
bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:
bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:
bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:
sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:
actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:
cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:
melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:
bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:
dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:
bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:
filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:
patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:
parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:
uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:
amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:
optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:
auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;
and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:
bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:
eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:
optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
4.
Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
(α).
In gen.:
sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:
fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:
divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
(β).
Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:
(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:
Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:
in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:
nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
(γ).
Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:
di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:
di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:
di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:
alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
(δ).
Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
5.
Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
(α).
Vir optimus:
per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:
virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:
fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:
consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
(β).
Femina bona, optima:
tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —
(γ).
Senex, pater, frater, etc.:
optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:
insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:
C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
(δ).
With proper names ( poet.):
optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:
Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:
optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
(ε).
Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:
quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:
gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:
ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:
bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:
optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
6.
Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
(α).
Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):
Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.
in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
(β).
Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
(γ).
Bona Fortuna:
si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:
Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:
FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
(δ).
Bona Spes:
Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:
BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
(ε).
BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:
Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.
B.
With nouns denoting things.
1.
Things concrete, denoting excellence:
navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:
gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:
id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:
tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:
per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:
bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:
praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:
bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:
bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:
villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:
scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:
perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §
38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:
equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:
boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:
super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:
mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:
equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:
tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:
fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:
ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:
animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:
bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:
scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,
bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
2.
Things abstract.
a.
Of physical well-being:
ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:
non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:
bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:
optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:
bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
b.
Of the mind and soul:
meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:
optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:
bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:
mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:
duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:
bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:
memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:
bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:
bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:
pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
c.
Of moral relations:
ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;
v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:
fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:
bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:
quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:
Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
d.
Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:
bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:
bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;
v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:
bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:
versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:
meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:
in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:
melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
e.
Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:
de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:
bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:
si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.
fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:
occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:
senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:
bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;
esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:
ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:
optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;
v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:
melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:
cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:
amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:
omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.
Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;
optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:
auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:
memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
f.
Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:
optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,
optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:
lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
g.
Good = large, considerable:
bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:
bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:
bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
h.
Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:
si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
k.
Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
(α).
Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:
primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:
bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:
oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:
obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:
cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.
. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
(β).
Bona pax, without quarrelling:
bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;
so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
(γ).
Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:
igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—
(δ).
Bona societas, alliance:
Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.
C.
In particular phrases.
1.
Bonae res.
a.
= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:
concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:
optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
b.
= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:
bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:
in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
c.
Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:
homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
d.
Costly things, articles of luxury:
capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:
nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:
ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:
re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
e.
Moral, morally good:
illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:
ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:
quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—
f.
In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:
res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:
studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
2.
Bonae artes.
(α).
A good, laudable way of dealing:
qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:
huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:
quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—
(β).
Liberal arts and sciences:
litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:
conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:
optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
3.
Bona fides, or fides bona.
a.
Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:
dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:
si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
b.
Jurid. t. t.
(α).
Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:
ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;
41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
(β).
Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:
actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:
quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:
iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
4.
Bona verba.
(α).
Kind words:
Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
(β).
Words of good omen (v. omen):
dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:
dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—
(γ).
Elegant or well-chosen expressions:
quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:
verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:
omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
(δ).
Moral sayings:
non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
5.
Bona dicta.
(α).
Polite, courteous language:
hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
(β).
Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:
dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:
ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
6.
Bona facta.
(α).
= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:
nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—
(β).
Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):
bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:
haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,
(γ).
Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:
peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:
et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:
hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:
o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—
7.
Bona gratia.
(α).
A friendly understanding:
cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,
per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
(β).
Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
8.
Bona pars.
(α).
The well-disposed part of a body of persons:
ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:
pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—
(β).
The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):
civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:
(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:
qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
(γ).
Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):
bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:
bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:
bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:
bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:
bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:
meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:
melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—
(δ).
Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:
nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:
quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:
major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:
Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
(ε).
Adverb.:
bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—
(ζ).
Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:
Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:
quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
9.
Dies bonus or bona.
(α).
A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):
tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:
nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—
(β).
A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
10.
Bonus mos.
(α).
Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:
nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:
nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:
domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:
mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
(β).
Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:
ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:
conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
11.
Adverbial phrases.
a.
Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
(α).
To be of good cheer or courage:
bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:
animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:
bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:
bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:
habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:
habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:
bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:
clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
(β).
Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:
audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:
bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:
quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
(γ).
Bonus animus, good temper, patience:
bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:
vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—
b.
Bono modo.
(α).
= placide, with composure, moderation:
si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
(β).
In a decent manner:
neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
c.
Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:
te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:
ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:
ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;
similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
II.
As subst.
A.
bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
1.
In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
(α).
Plur.:
bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:
melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:
diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:
oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:
tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:
quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
(β).
Sing.:
malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:
nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:
qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
2.
Bonus, a man of honor.
(α).
A brave man:
pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:
libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:
fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):
fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
(β).
A gentleman:
quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
3.
Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
(α).
In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;
so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:
audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:
ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:
etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:
maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,
optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:
bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
(β).
Without reference to political views;
opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:
semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:
elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:
ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:
da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
4.
Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
5.
Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
(α).
Referring to morality:
esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:
qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:
quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
(β).
Of the educated classes:
adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:
Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:
optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
(γ).
Honorable, brave:
optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,
Sall. J. 92, 8.—
(δ).
In gen., excellent:
optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—
(ε).
Distributively:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
(ζ).
Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):
hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
(η).
Attributively, with a noun:
optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:
optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.
2.
bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
1.
Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;
nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:
quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:
ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
2.
Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:
quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:
multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:
tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:
omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:
sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:
nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:
mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:
quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):
melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:
meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:
optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;
v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:
ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
3.
Bonum or bona, prosperity:
fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:
unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:
quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
4.
Good qualities, gifts:
omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:
magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:
nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:
non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:
gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
5.
Advantage, benefit:
si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:
saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:
maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:
hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
6.
With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:
si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:
si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:
a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:
istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
7.
Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
a.
In gen.:
paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:
bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:
cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:
bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:
at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
b.
Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
(α).
Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
(β).
Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:
postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:
edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:
bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
(γ).
Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
c.
In bonis esse;
with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:
neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
III.
Predicative use.
A.
With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
1.
Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:
nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:
bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:
itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:
Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:
ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —
2.
To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:
jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:
oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:
vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:
quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:
non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:
quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:
in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:
meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:
parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:
si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:
quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;
3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;
and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
3.
To be kind:
bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:
hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
4.
With reference to the gods:
ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:
Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
B.
Impers.
1.
Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
(α).
Without a subject:
bonum sit!
may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
(β).
With subject inf.:
nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:
bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
2.
Melius est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:
nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,
melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
(β).
With subject inf.-clause:
meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
(γ).
With ut-clause:
quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
(δ).
With subjectclause in the subjunctive:
nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
3.
Optimum est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:
si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
(β).
With inf.-clause:
constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
(γ).
With ut and subj:
hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
(δ).
With quod:
illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:
optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
(ε).
With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):
sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:
optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:
optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
IV.
Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:
di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:
di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:
di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:
id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;
similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
V.
With object expressed,
1.
By dat.
(α).
= good, useful, beneficial for:
ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:
quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:
bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—
(β).
= benignus or propitius, kind to:
vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:
bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:
vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—
(γ).
= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:
qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:
tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:
terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
(δ).
With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:
accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:
bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:
quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.
ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
(ε).
With dat. gerund:
ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:
(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
2.
By ad and acc.:
refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:
occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:
non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bonus
14 meliores

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
I.
Attributively.
A.
As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
1.
Vir bonus.
(α).
A man morally good (kalos kagathos):
quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:
ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:
sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:
qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:
non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:
ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
(β).
An honest man:
justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;
3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:
quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
(γ).
A man of good standing in the community:
id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:
tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;
37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:
vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:
praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
(δ).
Ironically of bad men:
sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:
expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:
nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;
so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:
quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
(ε).
Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):
bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
(ζ).
As a conventional courtesy:
homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:
sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
2.
Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:
in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
3.
With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:
bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):
boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:
bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:
senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:
bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:
bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:
bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:
bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:
bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:
naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):
bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:
bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:
poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:
bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:
bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:
bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:
bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:
bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:
sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:
actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:
cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:
melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:
bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:
dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:
bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:
filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:
patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:
parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:
uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:
amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:
optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:
auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;
and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:
bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:
eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:
optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
4.
Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
(α).
In gen.:
sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:
fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:
divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
(β).
Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:
(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:
Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:
in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:
nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
(γ).
Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:
di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:
di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:
di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:
alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
(δ).
Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
5.
Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
(α).
Vir optimus:
per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:
virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:
fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:
consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
(β).
Femina bona, optima:
tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —
(γ).
Senex, pater, frater, etc.:
optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:
insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:
C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
(δ).
With proper names ( poet.):
optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:
Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:
optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
(ε).
Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:
quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:
gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:
ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:
bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:
optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
6.
Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
(α).
Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):
Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.
in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
(β).
Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
(γ).
Bona Fortuna:
si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:
Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:
FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
(δ).
Bona Spes:
Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:
BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
(ε).
BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:
Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.
B.
With nouns denoting things.
1.
Things concrete, denoting excellence:
navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:
gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:
id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:
tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:
per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:
bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:
praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:
bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:
bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:
villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:
scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:
perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §
38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:
equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:
boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:
super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:
mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:
equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:
tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:
fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:
ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:
animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:
bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:
scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,
bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
2.
Things abstract.
a.
Of physical well-being:
ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:
non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:
bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:
optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:
bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
b.
Of the mind and soul:
meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:
optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:
bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:
mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:
duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:
bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:
memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:
bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:
bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:
pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
c.
Of moral relations:
ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;
v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:
fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:
bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:
quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:
Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
d.
Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:
bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:
bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;
v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:
bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:
versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:
meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:
in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:
melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
e.
Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:
de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:
bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:
si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.
fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:
occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:
senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:
bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;
esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:
ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:
optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;
v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:
melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:
cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:
amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:
omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.
Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;
optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:
auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:
memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
f.
Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:
optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,
optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:
lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
g.
Good = large, considerable:
bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:
bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:
bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
h.
Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:
si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
k.
Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
(α).
Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:
primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:
bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:
oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:
obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:
cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.
. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
(β).
Bona pax, without quarrelling:
bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;
so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
(γ).
Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:
igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—
(δ).
Bona societas, alliance:
Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.
C.
In particular phrases.
1.
Bonae res.
a.
= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:
concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:
optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
b.
= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:
bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:
in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
c.
Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:
homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
d.
Costly things, articles of luxury:
capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:
nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:
ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:
re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
e.
Moral, morally good:
illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:
ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:
quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—
f.
In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:
res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:
studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
2.
Bonae artes.
(α).
A good, laudable way of dealing:
qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:
huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:
quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—
(β).
Liberal arts and sciences:
litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:
conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:
optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
3.
Bona fides, or fides bona.
a.
Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:
dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:
si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
b.
Jurid. t. t.
(α).
Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:
ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;
41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
(β).
Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:
actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:
quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:
iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
4.
Bona verba.
(α).
Kind words:
Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
(β).
Words of good omen (v. omen):
dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:
dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—
(γ).
Elegant or well-chosen expressions:
quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:
verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:
omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
(δ).
Moral sayings:
non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
5.
Bona dicta.
(α).
Polite, courteous language:
hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
(β).
Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:
dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:
ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
6.
Bona facta.
(α).
= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:
nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—
(β).
Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):
bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:
haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,
(γ).
Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:
peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:
et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:
hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:
o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—
7.
Bona gratia.
(α).
A friendly understanding:
cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,
per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
(β).
Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
8.
Bona pars.
(α).
The well-disposed part of a body of persons:
ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:
pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—
(β).
The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):
civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:
(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:
qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
(γ).
Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):
bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:
bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:
bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:
bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:
bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:
meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:
melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—
(δ).
Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:
nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:
quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:
major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:
Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
(ε).
Adverb.:
bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—
(ζ).
Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:
Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:
quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
9.
Dies bonus or bona.
(α).
A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):
tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:
nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—
(β).
A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
10.
Bonus mos.
(α).
Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:
nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:
nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:
domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:
mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
(β).
Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:
ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:
conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
11.
Adverbial phrases.
a.
Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
(α).
To be of good cheer or courage:
bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:
animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:
bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:
bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:
habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:
habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:
bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:
clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
(β).
Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:
audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:
bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:
quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
(γ).
Bonus animus, good temper, patience:
bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:
vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—
b.
Bono modo.
(α).
= placide, with composure, moderation:
si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
(β).
In a decent manner:
neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
c.
Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:
te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:
ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:
ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;
similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
II.
As subst.
A.
bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
1.
In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
(α).
Plur.:
bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:
melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:
diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:
oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:
tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:
quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
(β).
Sing.:
malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:
nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:
qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
2.
Bonus, a man of honor.
(α).
A brave man:
pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:
libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:
fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):
fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
(β).
A gentleman:
quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
3.
Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
(α).
In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;
so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:
audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:
ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:
etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:
maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,
optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:
bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
(β).
Without reference to political views;
opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:
semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:
elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:
ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:
da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
4.
Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
5.
Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
(α).
Referring to morality:
esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:
qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:
quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
(β).
Of the educated classes:
adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:
Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:
optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
(γ).
Honorable, brave:
optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,
Sall. J. 92, 8.—
(δ).
In gen., excellent:
optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—
(ε).
Distributively:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
(ζ).
Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):
hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
(η).
Attributively, with a noun:
optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:
optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.
2.
bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
1.
Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;
nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:
quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:
ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
2.
Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:
quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:
multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:
tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:
omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:
sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:
nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:
mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:
quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):
melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:
meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:
optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;
v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:
ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
3.
Bonum or bona, prosperity:
fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:
unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:
quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
4.
Good qualities, gifts:
omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:
magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:
nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:
non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:
gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
5.
Advantage, benefit:
si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:
saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:
maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:
hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
6.
With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:
si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:
si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:
a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:
istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
7.
Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
a.
In gen.:
paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:
bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:
cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:
bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:
at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
b.
Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
(α).
Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
(β).
Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:
postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:
edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:
bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
(γ).
Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
c.
In bonis esse;
with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:
neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
III.
Predicative use.
A.
With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
1.
Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:
nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:
bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:
itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:
Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:
ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —
2.
To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:
jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:
oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:
vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:
quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:
non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:
quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:
in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:
meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:
parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:
si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:
quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;
3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;
and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
3.
To be kind:
bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:
hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
4.
With reference to the gods:
ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:
Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
B.
Impers.
1.
Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
(α).
Without a subject:
bonum sit!
may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
(β).
With subject inf.:
nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:
bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
2.
Melius est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:
nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,
melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
(β).
With subject inf.-clause:
meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
(γ).
With ut-clause:
quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
(δ).
With subjectclause in the subjunctive:
nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
3.
Optimum est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:
si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
(β).
With inf.-clause:
constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
(γ).
With ut and subj:
hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
(δ).
With quod:
illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:
optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
(ε).
With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):
sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:
optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:
optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
IV.
Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:
di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:
di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:
di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:
id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;
similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
V.
With object expressed,
1.
By dat.
(α).
= good, useful, beneficial for:
ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:
quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:
bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—
(β).
= benignus or propitius, kind to:
vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:
bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:
vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—
(γ).
= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:
qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:
tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:
terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
(δ).
With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:
accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:
bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:
quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.
ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
(ε).
With dat. gerund:
ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:
(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
2.
By ad and acc.:
refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:
occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:
non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > meliores
15 optimum

bŏnus (old form dŭonus, Carm. Sall. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 26 Mull.; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 67 Mull.), a, um, adj. [for duonus, cf. bellum, bis, and cf. root dvi-; hence deidô, deos], good; comp. melior, us [cf. Gr. mala, mallon], better; sup. optimus ( optumus, ante-class. and often class.) [root opof ops, opes; cf. copia, apiscor], best.
I.
Attributively.
A.
As adjunct of nouns denoting persons.
1.
Vir bonus.
(α).
A man morally good (kalos kagathos):
quoniam boni me viri pauperant, improbi alunt,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 60:
omnibus virtutibus instructos et ornatos tum sapientes, tum viros bonos dicimus,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 28:
ille vir bonus qui... intolerabili dolore lacerari potius quam aut officium prodat aut fidem,
id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:
sive vir bonus est is qui prodest quibus potest, nocet nemini, certe istum virum bonum non facile reperimus,
id. Off. 3, 15, 64:
qui se ita gerunt ut eorum probitas, fides, integritas, etc.... hos viros bonos... appellandos putemus,
id. Lael. 5, 19:
non intellegunt se de callido homine loqui, non de bono viro,
id. Att. 7, 2, 4:
ut quisque est vir optimus, ita difficillime esse alios improbos suspicatur,
id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 4, § 12:
nec enim melior vir fuit Africano quisquam, nec clarior,
id. Lael. 2, 6; id. Leg. 1, 14, 41; 1, 18, 48; id. Planc. 4, 9; id. Par. 3, 1, 21; id. Marcell. 6, 20; id. Fam. 7, 21; id. Off. 2, 16, 57.—
(β).
An honest man:
justitia, ex qua viri boni nominantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 7, 21; 1, 44, 155; 2, 11, 39; 2, 12, 42; 2, 20, 71;
3, 12, 50: cum is sponsionem fecisset ni vir bonus esset,
id. ib. 3, 19, 77:
quoniam Demosthenes nec vir bonus esset, nec bene meritus de civitate,
id. Opt. Gen. 7, 20; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116.—
(γ).
A man of good standing in the community:
id viri boni arbitratu deducetur,
Cato, R. R. 143; so id. ib. 149:
tuam partem viri bono arbitratu... dari oportet,
Dig. 17, 1, [p. 244] 35;
37, 6, 2, § 2: quem voles virum bonum nominato,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 25, § 55:
vir bonus est... quo res sponsore, et quo causae teste tenentur,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 40.—Hence, ironically of wealthy men:
praetores jus dicunt, aediles ludos parant, viri boni usuras perscribunt,
Cic. Att. 9, 12, 3.—
(δ).
Ironically of bad men:
sed eccum lenonem Lycum, bonum virum,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 5, 52; Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 9; 4, 3, 18; id. Ad. 3, 4, 30:
expectabam quinam isti viri boni testes hujus manifesto deprehensi veneni dicerentur,
Cic. Cael. 26, 63:
nam socer ejus, vir multum bonus est,
id. Agr. 3, 3, 13;
so especially in addresses (mostly comic.): age tu, illuc procede, bone vir!
Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 1; id. Curc. 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 4, 7, 48; id. Pers. 5, 2, 11; Ter. And. 3, 5, 10; 5, 2, 5; id. Ad. 4, 2, 17; id. Eun. 5, 2, 11:
quid tu, vir optime? Ecquid habes quod dicas?
Cic. Rosc. Am. 36, 104.—
(ε).
Sometimes boni viri = boni, in the sense of optimates (v. I. A. 3.):
bonis viris quid juris reliquit tribunatus C. Gracchi?
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20.—
(ζ).
As a conventional courtesy:
homines optimi non intellegunt, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:
bone accusator,
id. Rosc. Am. 21, 58:
sic illum amicum vocasti, quomodo omnes candidatos bonos viros dicimus,
gentlemen, Sen. Ep. 3, 1.—For bonus vir, a good husband, v. 3.; and for vir optimus, as a laudatory epithet, v. 5.—
2.
Boni homines (rare) = boni, better classes of society, v. II. A. 3:
in foro infimo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14.—
3.
With nouns denoting persons in regard to their functions, offices, occupations, and qualities, denoting excellence:
bonus consul,
Liv. 4, 40, 6; 22, 39, 2 (different: consules duos, bonos quidem, sed dumtaxat bonos, amisimus, consuls of good sentiments, almost = bad consuls, Cic. ad Brut. 1, 3, 4):
boni tribuni plebis,
Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 25:
bonus senator,
id. Prov. Cons. 15, 37:
senator bonus,
id. Dom. 4, 8:
bonus judex,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 34:
bonus augur (ironically),
id. Phil. 2, 32, 80:
bonus vates,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 27:
bonus imperator,
Sall. C. 60, 4:
bonus dux,
Quint. 12, 1, 43 (cf. trop.:
naturam, optimam ducem,
the best guide, Cic. Sen. 2, 5):
bonus miles,
Sall. C. 60, 4; Sen. Vit. Beat. 15, 5:
bonus orator,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
optimus orator,
id. Opt. Gen. 1, 3:
poeta bonus,
id. de Or. 1, 3, 11; 2, 46, 194; id. Fin. 1, 3, 10:
scriptor bonus,
Quint. 10, 1, 104:
bonus advocatus,
id. 5, 13, 10:
bonus defensor,
id. 5, 13, 3:
bonus altercator,
a good debater, id. 6, 4, 10:
bonus praeceptor,
id. 5, 13, 44; 10, 5, 22:
bonus gubernator,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 100:
optimus opifex,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 133:
sutor bonus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 125:
actor optimus,
Cic. Sest. 57, 122:
cantor optimus est modulator,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 130:
melior gladiator,
Ov. Tr. 4, 6, 33: agricola (colonus, dominus) bonus, Cato, R. R. prooem.; Cic. Sen. 16, 56:
bonus paterfamilias,
a thrifty head of the house, Nep. Att. 13, 1:
bonus servus,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 58; id. Am. 2, 1, 46; id. Men. 5, 6, 1; Cic. Mil. 22, 58:
dominus bonus,
Cato, R. R. 14:
bonus custos,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 38.—Ironically, Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57:
filius bonus,
Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 9:
patres,
Quint. 11, 3, 178:
parens,
id. 6, prooem. 4: bonus (melior, optimus), viz. a good husband, Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 51 sq.; Liv. 1, 9, 15:
uxor melior,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
amicus,
id. Fam. 2, 15, 3:
amicus optimus,
Plaut. Cas. 3, 3, 18:
optimus testis,
Cic. Fam. 7, 27, 2:
auctor, in two senses,
good authority, id. Att. 5, 12, 3;
and = bonus scriptor (post-class.),
Quint. 10, 1, 74.—Esp.:
bonus civis (rarely civis bonus): in re publica ea velle quae tranquilla et honesta sint: talem enim solemus et sentire bonum civem et dicere, Cic.-Off. 1, 34, 124: eaque est summa ratio et sapientia boni civis, commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere,
id. ib. 2, 23, 83:
eum esse civem et fidelem et bonum,
Plaut. Pers. 1, 2, 15; Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 2; 1, 9, 10; 3, 12, 1; 6, 6, 11; id. Off. 1, 44, 155; Liv. 22, 39, 3; Sall. H. Fragm. 1, 10 Dietsch:
optimus et fortissimus civis,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3; id. Sest. 17, 39.—
4.
Bonus and optimus as epithets of the gods.
(α).
In gen.:
sed te bonus Mercurius perdat,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 23:
fata... bonique divi,
Hor. C. 4, 2, 38:
divis orte bonis,
id. ib. 4, 5, 1:
O bone deus!
Scrib. Comp. 84 fin.: BONORVM DEORVM, Inscr. ap. Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 84: totidem, pater optime, dixi, Tu mihi da cives, referring to Jupiter, Ov. M. 7, 627.—
(β).
Optimus Maximus, a standing epithet of Jupiter:
(Juppiter) a majoribus nostris Optimus Maximus (nominatur), et quidem ante optimus, id est beneficentissimus, quam Maximus,
Cic. N. D. 2, 25, 64:
Jovem optimum et maximum ob eas res appellant, non quod, etc.,
id. ib. 3, 36, 87:
in templo Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Sest. 56, 129; id. Prov. Cons. 9, 22:
nutu Jovis Optimi Maximi,
id. Cat. 3, 9, 21; Liv. 1, 12, 7; id. 6, 16, 2.—
(γ).
Di boni, O di boni, expressing indignation, sorrow, or surprise:
di boni, hunc visitavi antidhac!
Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 16:
di boni, boni quid porto!
Ter. And. 2, 2, 1:
di boni, quid hoc morbi est,
id. Eun. 2, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 13; id. Ad. 3, 3, 86:
alter, O di boni, quam taeter incedebat!
Cic. Sest. 8, 19; id. Brut. 84, 288; id. Phil. 2, 8, 20; 2, 32, 80; id. Att. 1, 16, 5; 14, 21, 2; Val. Max. 3, 5, 1; Sen. Vit. Beat. 2, 3.—
(δ).
Bona Dea, etc., v. 6.—
5.
Optimus as a laudatory epithet.
(α).
Vir optimus:
per vos nobis, per optimos viros optimis civibus periculum inferre conantur,
Cic. Sest. 1, 2:
virum optimum et constantissimum M. Cispium,
id. ib. 35, 76:
fratrem meum, virum optimum, fortissimum,
id. ib.:
consolabor hos praesentes, viros optimos,
id. Balb. 19, 44; id. Planc. 21, 51; 23, 55; id. Mil. 14, 38; id. Marcell. 4, 10; id. Att. 5, 1, 5; Hor. S. 1, 6, 53.—
(β).
Femina bona, optima:
tua conjunx bona femina,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 16:
hujus sanctissimae feminae atque optimae pater,
id. ib. —
(γ).
Senex, pater, frater, etc.:
optimus: parentes ejus, prudentissimi atque optimi senis,
Cic. Planc. 41, 97:
insuevit pater optimus hoc me,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 105; 2, 1, 12:
C. Marcelli, fratris optimi,
Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 6 (8), 2; 2, 4, 2.—
(δ).
With proper names ( poet.):
optimus Vergilius,
Hor. S. 1, 6, 54:
Maecenas optimus,
id. ib. 1, 5, 27:
optime Quinti,
id. Ep. 1, 16, 1.—
(ε).
Esp. as an epithet of the Roman emperors:
quid tam civile, tam senatorium quam illud, additum a nobis Optimi cognomen?
Plin. Pan. 2, 7:
gratias, inquit, ago, optime Princeps!
Sen. Tranq. 14. 4:
ex epistula optimi imperatoris Antonini,
Gai. Inst. 1, 102; cf.:
bene te patriae pater optime Caesar,
Ov. F. 2, 637:
optime Romulae Custos gentis,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 1.—
6.
Bonus and Bona, names of deities.
(α).
Bona Dea, the goddess of Chastity, whose temple could not be entered by males (cf. Macr. S. 1, 12; Lact. 1, 22):
Bonae Deae pulvinaribus,
Cic. Pis. 39, 95; id. Mil. 31, 86; id. Fam. 1, 9, 15; cf.
in mal. part.,
Juv. 2, 86 sq.; 6, 314 sq.; 6, 335 sq.—
(β).
Bonus Eventus, Varr. R. R. 1, 1 med.; Amm. 29, 6, 19; Inscr. Orell. 907; 1780 sq.—
(γ).
Bona Fortuna:
si bona Fortuna veniat, ne intromiseris,
Plaut. Aul. 1, 3, 22:
Bonae Fortunae (signum),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7:
FORTVNAE BONAE DOMESTICAE,
Inscr. Orell. 1743 sq. —
(δ).
Bona Spes:
Spes Bona, obsecro, subventa mihi,
Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 12:
BONAE SPEI,
Aug. Inscr. Grut. 1075, 1.—
(ε).
BONA MENS, Inscr. Orell. 1818 sqq.:
Mens Bona, si qua dea es, tua me in sacraria dono,
Prop. 3, 24, 19.
B.
With nouns denoting things.
1.
Things concrete, denoting excellence:
navis bona dicitur non quae pretiosis coloribus picta est... sed stabilis et firma,
Sen. Ep. 76, 13:
gladium bonum dices, non cui auratus est balteus, etc., sed cui et ad secandum subtilis acies est, et, etc.,
id. ib. 76, 14:
id vinum erit lene et bono colore,
Cato, R. R. 109; Lucr. 2, 418; Ov. Am. 2, 7, 9:
tabulas... collocare in bono lumine,
Cic. Brut. 75, 261: ex quavis olea oleum... bonum fieri potest. Cato, R. R. 3:
per aestatem boves aquam bonam et liquidam bibant semper curato,
id. ib. 73; cf.:
bonae aquae, ironically compared to wine,
Prop. 2, 33 (3, 31), 28:
praedium bonum caelum habeat,
good temperature, Cato, R. R. 1:
bona tempestate,
in good weather, Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 2, 4:
(praedium) solo bono valeat,
by good soil, Cato, R. R. 1:
bonae (aedes) cum curantur male,
Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 24:
villam bonam,
Cic. Off. 3, 13, 55:
bonus pons,
Cat. 17, 5:
scyphi optimi (= optime facti),
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 14, § 32:
perbona toreumata,
id. ib. 2, 4, 18, §
38: bona domicilia,
comfortable residences, id. N. D. 2, 37, 95:
agrum Meliorem nemo habet,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 12:
fundum meliorem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 52: fundos optimos et fructuosissimos, id. Agr. 3, 4, 14:
equus melior,
id. Inv. 1, 31, 52:
bona cena,
Cat. 13, 3:
boni nummi,
good, not counterfeit, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 144; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 91:
super omnia vultus accessere boni,
good looks, Ov. M. 8, 678:
mulier bona forma,
of a fine form, Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 13:
equus formae melioris,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 52:
tam bona cervix, simul ac jussero, demetur,
fine, beautiful, Suet. Calig. 33:
fruges bonae,
Cat. 34, 19:
ova suci melioris,
of better flavor, Hor. S. 2, 4, 13.— Trop.:
animus aequus optimum est aerumnae condimentum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71: bona dextra, a lucky hand (cf.:
bonum omen, 2. e.),
Quint. 6, 3, 69:
scio te bona esse voce, ne clama nimis,
good, sound, loud voice, Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 43; so,
bona firmaque vox,
Quint. 11, 3, 13.—
2.
Things abstract.
a.
Of physical well-being:
ut si qui neget sine bona valetudine posse bene vivi,
Cic. Inv. 1, 51, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 2; Lucr. 3, 102; Val. Max. 2, 5, 6; Quint. 10, 3, 26; 11, 2, 35 et saep.:
non bonus somnus de prandio est,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 8:
bona aetas,
prime of life, Cic. Sen. 14, 48:
optima aetate,
id. Fam. 10, 3, 3.—Ironically:
bona, inquis, aetate, etc.,
Sen. Ep. 76, 1.—
b.
Of the mind and soul:
meliore esse sensu,
Cic. Sest. 21, 47:
optima indoles,
id. Fin. 5, 22, 61:
bona conscientia,
Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 5:
bono ingenio me esse ornatam quam auro multo mavolo,
with a good heart, Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 91; id. Stich. 1, 21, 59; Sall. C. 10, 5:
mens melior,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 78; Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13; Liv. 39, 16, 5; Sen. Ben. 1, 11, 4; id. Ep. 10, 4; Pers. 2, 8; Petr. 61.—Personified, Prop. 3 (4), 24, 19; Ov. Am. 1, 2, 31:
duos optimae indolis filios,
Val. Max. 5, 7, 2; Sen. Ben. 6, 16, 6; Quint. 1, 2, 5:
bonum consilium,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 6; id. Rud. 4, 3, 18; Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bona voluntas,
a good purpose, Quint. 12, 11, 31:
memoria bona,
Cic. Att. 8, 4, 2:
bona ratio cum perdita... confligit,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 25:
bonae rationes,
Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 50:
pronuntiatio bona,
Auct. Her. 3, 15, 27.—
c.
Of moral relations:
ego si bonam famam mihi servasso, sat ero dives,
Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 71; Cic. Sest. 66, 139; Liv. 6, 11, 7; Hor. S. 1, 2, 61 (cf. Cic. Att. 7, 26, 1;
v. e. infra): si ego in causa tam bona cessi tribuni plebis furori,
Cic. Sest. 16, 36; id. Planc. 36, 87; Ov. M. 5, 220:
fac, sis, bonae frugi sies,
of good, regular habits, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 35; id. Cas. 2, 4, 5; 2, 5, 19; id. Ps. 1, 5, 53; id. Truc. 1, 1, 13; id. Capt. 5, 2, 3 sq. (v. frux, II. B. 1. b.): vilicus disciplina bona utatur. Cato, R. R. 5:
bona studia,
moral pursuits, Auct. Her. 4, 17, 25:
quidquid vita meliore parasti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 15: ad spem mortis melioris, an honorable death; so as an epithet of religious exercises:
Juppiter, te bonas preces precor,
Cato, R. R. 134; 139.—
d.
Of external, artistic, and literary value and usefulness:
bono usui estis nulli,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 15:
Optumo optume optumam operam das,
id. Am. 1, 1, 122:
bonam dedistis mihi operam,
a valuable service to me, id. Poen. 2, 3, 70; 3, 6, 11; id. Pers. 4, 7, 11; id. Rud. 3, 6, 11 (in a different sense: me bona opera aut mala Tibi inventurum esse auxilium argentarium, by fair or unfair means, id. Ps. 1, 1, 102;
v. e. infra): optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis... gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,
Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:
bonum otium,
valuable leisure, Sall. C. 4, 1:
bonis versibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:
versus meliores,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 81:
meliora poemata,
Hor. A. P. 303:
in illa pro Ctesiphonte oratione longe optima,
Cic. Or. 8, 26:
optimas fabulas,
id. Off. 1, 31, 114:
melius munus,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7.—
e.
Favorable, prosperous, lucky, fortunate:
de Procilio rumores non boni,
unfavorable rumors, Cic. Att. 4, 16, 5:
bona de Domitio, praeclara de Afranio fama est,
about their success in the war, id. ib. 7, 26, 1:
si fuisset in discipulo comparando meliore fortuna,
id. Pis. 29, 71; cf.
fortuna optima esse,
to be in the best pecuniary circumstances, id. ad Brut. 1, 1, 2:
occasio tam bona,
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 9:
senex est eo meliore condicione quam adulesoens cum, etc.,
Cic. Sen. 19, 68; id. Fam. 4, 32:
bona navigatio,
id. N. D. 3, 34, 83;
esp. in phrase bona spes.—Object.: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus et magnam indolem quos, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 35, 117.—Subject.:
ego sum spe bona,
Cic. Fam. 12, 28, 3; id. Cat. 2, 11, 25; [p. 245] id. Att. 14, 1 a, 3; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5, § 16:
optima spe,
id. Fam. 12, 11, 2.—Pregn., = spes bonarum rerum, Sall. C. 21, 1;
v. C. 1. c. infra: meliora responsa,
more favorable, Liv. 7, 21, 6:
melior interpretatio,
Tac. H. 3, 65:
cum laude et bonis recordationibus,
id. A. 4, 38:
amnis Doctus iter melius,
i. e. less injurious, Hor. A. P. 68:
omen bonum,
a good, lucky omen, Cic. Pis. 13, 31; cf.
Liv. praef. § 13: melius omen,
Ov. F. 1, 221;
optimum,
Cic. Fam. 3, 12, 2:
bona scaeva,
Plaut. Stich. 5, 2, 24:
auspicio optumo,
id. ib. 3, 2, 6; cf.:
memini bene, sed meliore Tempore dicam = opportuniore tempore,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 68.—
f.
Of public affairs, si mihi bona re publica frui non licuerit, Cic. Mil. 34, 93:
optima res publica,
id. Or. 1, 1, 1; id. Phil. 1, 8, 19:
minus bonis temporibus,
id. Dom. 4, 8; so,
optimis temporibus,
id. Sest. 3, 6:
nostrae res meliore loco videbantur,
id. ad Brut. 1, 3, 1:
lex optima,
id. Pis. 16, 37; id. Sest. 64, 137; id. Phil, 1, 8, 19.—
g.
Good = large, considerable:
bono atque amplo lucro,
Plaut. Am. prol. 6:
bona librorum copia,
Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 109; cf.:
bona copia cornu,
Ov. M. 9, 88; v. bona pars, C. 8. g.—
h.
Noble; with genus, good family, noble extraction, honorable birth: quali me arbitraris genere prognatum? Eu. Bono, Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 35; so id. Ep. 1, 2, 4; 2, 1, 3; id. Pers. 4, 4, 94:
si bono genere natus sit,
Auct. Her. 3, 7, 13.—
k.
Referring to good-will, kindness, faithfulness, in certain phrases.
(α).
Bona venia or cum bona venia, with the kind permission of a person addressed, especially bona venia orare, expetere, etc.:
primum abs te hoc bona venia expeto,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 31:
bona tua venia dixerim,
Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 34:
oravit bona venia Quirites, ne, etc.,
Liv. 7, 41, 3:
obsecro vos.. bona venia vestra liceat, etc.,
id. 6, 40, 10:
cum bona venia quaeso audiatis, etc.,
id. 29, 17, 6; Arn. c. Gent. 1, p. 5; cf.
. sed des veniam bonus oro = venia bona oro,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 5.—
(β).
Bona pax, without quarrelling:
bona pax sit potius,
let us have no quarrel about that, Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 7;
so especially cum bona pace, or bona pace: Hannibal ad Alpis cum bona pace incolentium... pervenit,
without a difficulty with the inhabitants, Liv. 21, 32, 6; 21, 24, 5; 1, 24, 3; 28, 37, 4; 8, 15, 1; cf.: si bonam (pacem) dederitis, = a fair peace, under acceptable conditions, id. 8, 21, 4.—
(γ).
Amicitia bona = bona fide servata, faithful, undisturbed friendship:
igitur amicitia Masinissae bona atque honesta nobis permansit,
Sall. J. 5, 5.—
(δ).
Bona societas, alliance:
Segestes, memoria bonae societatis, impavidus,
Tac. A. 1, 58.
C.
In particular phrases.
1.
Bonae res.
a.
= Vitae commoda, comforts of life, abstract or concrete:
concedatur bonis rebus homines morte privari,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 87:
optimis rebus usus est,
he had every most desirable thing, Nep. Att. 18, 1.—
b.
= Res secundae, opp. res adversae, prosperity:
bonis rebus tuis, meas irrides malas,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45:
in bonis rebus,
Hor. C. 2, 3, 2. —
c.
Res bona = res familiaris bona, wealth ( poet.): in re bona esse, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4.—Also an object of value:
homines quibus mala abunde omnia erant, sed neque res neque spes bona ulla,
who had no property, nor the hope of any, Sall. C. 21, 1. —
d.
Costly things, articles of luxury:
capere urbem in Arabia plenam bonarum rerum,
Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 46; 4, 4, 82:
nimium rei bonae,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 55:
ignorantia bonarum rerum,
Nep. Ages. 8, 5 ' bonis rebus gaudere, Hor. S. 2, 6, 110:
re bona copiosum esse,
Gell. 16, 19, 7.—
e.
Moral, morally good:
illi cum res non bonas tractent,
Cic. Ac. 2, 33, 72:
ut de virtutibus et vitiis, omninoque de bonis rebus et malis quaererent,
id. ib. 1, 4, 15:
quid habemus in rebus bonis et malis explorati?
id. ib. 2, 42, 129; so id. Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Leg. 1, 22, 58:
quae tamen omnia dulciora fuint et moribus bonis et artibus,
id. Sen. 18, 65.—
f.
In literary composition, important or interesting matter, subjects, or questions:
res bonas verbis electis dictas quis non legat?
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 8:
studiis generorum, praesertim in re bona,
Plaut. Am. 8, 26.—
2.
Bonae artes.
(α).
A good, laudable way of dealing:
qui praeclari facinoris aut artis bonae famam quaerit,
Sall. C. 2, 9:
huic bonae artes desunt, dolis atque fallaciis contendit,
id. ib. 11, 2:
quod is bonarum artium cupiens erat,
Tac. A. 6, 46.—
(β).
Liberal arts and sciences:
litteris aut ulli bonae arti,
Quint. 12, 1, 7:
conservate civem bonarum artium, bonarum partium, bonorum virorum,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77. —Esp.:
optimae artes: optimarum artium scientia,
Cic. Fin. 1, 3, 4; id. Ac. 2, 1, 1; id. Cael. 10, 24; id. Marcell. 1, 4.—
3.
Bona fides, or fides bona.
a.
Good faith, i. e. conscious honesty in acts or words: qui nummos fide bona solvit, who pays (the price of labor) in good faith, i. e. as it is honestly earned, Cato, R. R. 14:
dic, bona fide, tu id aurum non subripuisti?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 46; 4, 10, 47; id. Capt. 4, 2, 111; id. Most. 3, 1, 137; id. Poen. 1, 3, 30; id. Pers. 4, 3, 16; id. Ps. 4, 6, 33:
si tibi optima fide omnia concessit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 49, 144; Quint. 10, 3, 23.—Hence, bonae fidei vir, a conscientious man, Quint. 10, 7, 1.—
b.
Jurid. t. t.
(α).
Good faith in contracts and legal acts in general, opposed to dolus malus, honesty and fairness in dealing with another:
ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere, notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 67.—Hence, alienam rem bona fide emere, to buy, believing the seller to be the rightful owner, Dig. 41, 3, 10; 41, 3, 13, § 1. bonae fidei possessor (also possessio), believing that he is the rightful owner, ib. 5, 3, 25, § 11; 5, 3, 22; 41, 3, 15, § 2;
41, 3, 24: conventio contra bonam fidem et mores bonos,
ib. 16, 31, § 7: bonam fidem praestare, to be responsible for one ' s good faith, ib. 17, 1, 10 prooem.—Hence,
(β).
Bonae fidei actiones or judicia, actions in equity, i. e. certain classes of actions in which the strict civil law was set aside by the praetorian edict in favor of equity:
actiones quaedam bonae fidei sunt, quaedam stricti juris. Bonae fidei sunt haec: exempto vendito, locato conducto, etc.,
Just. Inst. 4, 6, 28, § 19.—In the republican time the praetor added in such actions to his formula for the judex the words ex fide bona, or, in full:
quidquid dare facere oportet ex fide bona,
Cic. Off. 3, 16, 66:
iste dolus malus et legibus erat vindicatus, et sine lege, judiciis in quibus additur ex fide bona,
id. ib. 3, 15, 61; cf. id. ib. 3, 17, 70.—
4.
Bona verba.
(α).
Kind words:
Bona verba quaeso,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 33.—
(β).
Words of good omen (v. omen):
dicamus bona verba,
Tib. 2, 2, 1:
dicite suffuso ter bona verba mero,
Ov. F. 2, 638.—
(γ).
Elegant or well-chosen expressions:
quid est tam furiosum quam verborum vel optimorum atque ornatissimorum sonitus inanis,
Cic. Or. 1, 12, 51:
verborum bonorum cursu,
id. Brut. 66, 233:
omnia verba sunt alicubi optima,
Quint. 10, 1, 9.—
(δ).
Moral sayings:
non est quod contemnas bona verba et bonis cogitationibus plena praecordia,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 20, 1. —
5.
Bona dicta.
(α).
Polite, courteous language:
hoc petere me precario a vobis jussit leniter dictis bonis,
Plaut. Am. prol. 25.—
(β).
Witticisms ( bon-mots): flammam a sapiente facilius ore in ardente opprimi, quam bona dicta teneat, Enn. ap. Cic. Or. 2, 54, 222:
dico unum ridiculum dictum de dictis melioribus quibus solebam menstruales epulas ante adipiscier,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 22:
ibo intro ad libros ut discam de dictis melioribus,
id. Stich. 2, 3, 75.—
6.
Bona facta.
(α).
= bene facta (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.), laudable deeds:
nobilitas ambobus et majorum bona facta (sc. erant),
Tac. A. 3, 40.—
(β).
Bonum factum est, colloq., = bene est, bene factum est (v. bene, I. B. 2. b.):
bonum factum est, ut edicta servetis mea,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 16:
haec imperata quae sunt pro imperio histrico, bonum hercle factum (est) pro se quisque ut meminerit,
id. ib. 45.— Hence,
(γ).
Elliptically, introducing commands which cannot be enforced, = if you will do so, it will be well:
peregrinis in senatum allectis, libellus propositus est: bonum factum, ne quis senatori novo curiam monstrare velit,
Suet. Caes. 80:
et Chaldaeos edicere: bonum factum, ne Vitellius... usquam esset,
id. Vit. 14:
hac die Carthaginem vici: bonum factum, in Capitolium eamus, et deos supplicemus,
Aur. Vict. 49; cf.:
o edictum, cui adscribi non poterit bonum factum,
Tert. Pud. 1.—
7.
Bona gratia.
(α).
A friendly understanding:
cur non videmus inter nos haec potius cum bona Ut componantur gratia quam cum mala?
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17; so,
per gratiam bonam abire,
to part with good feelings, Plaut. Mil. 4, 3, 33.—In jest: sine bona gratia abire, of things cast away, Plaut Truc. 2, 7, 15.—
(β).
Pleon., in the phrase bonam gratiam habere, = gratiam habere, to thank (v. B. 2. k.), Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 32; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 99.—
8.
Bona pars.
(α).
The well-disposed part of a body of persons:
ut plerumque fit, major pars (i. e. of the senate) meliorem vicit,
Liv. 21, 4, 1:
pars melior senatus ad meliora responsa trahere,
id. 7, 21, 6.—
(β).
The good party, i. e. the optimates (gen. in plur.):
civem bonarum partium,
Cic. Sest. 32, 77:
(fuit) meliorum partium aliquando,
id. Cael. 6, 13:
qui sibi gratiam melioris partis velit quaesitam,
Liv. 2, 44, 3.—Paronom.: (Roscius) semper partium in re publica tam quam in scaena optimarum, i. e. party and part in a drama, Cic. Sest. 56, 120.—
(γ).
Of things or persons, a considerable part (cf. a good deal):
bonam partem ad te adtulit,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 43:
bonam partem sermonis in hunc diem esse dilatam,
Cic. Or. 2, 3, 14:
bonam magnamque partem exercitus,
Val. Max. 5, 2, ext. 4:
bona pars noctium,
Quint. 12, 11, 19:
bona pars hominum,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 61:
meae vocis... bona pars,
id. C. 4, 2, 46; so id. A. P. 297; Ov. P. 1, 8, 74:
melior pars diei,
Verg. A. 9, 156.—
(δ).
Rarely, and mostly eccl. Lat.: optima pars, the best part or lot:
nostri melior pars animus est,
Sen. Q. N. 1, prooem. § 14; cf.:
quae pars optima est in homine,
best, most valuable, Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 67:
major pars aetatis, certe melior reipublicae data sit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 18, 1:
Maria optimam partem elegit, quae non auferetur ab ea,
Vulg. Luc. 10, 42.—
(ε).
Adverb.:
bonam partem = ex magna parte,
Lucr. 6, 1249.—
(ζ).
Aliquem in optimam partem cognoscere, to know somebody from his most favorable side, Cic. Off. 2, 13, 46: aliquid in optimam partem accipere, to take something in good part, interpret it most favorably:
Caesar mihi ignoscit quod non venerim, seseque in optimam partem id accipere dicit,
id. Att. 10, 3 a, 2; id. ad Brut. 1, 2, 3:
quaeso ut hoc in bonam partem accipias,
id. Rosc. Am. 16, 45.—
9.
Dies bonus or bona.
(α).
A day of good omen, a fortunate day (= dies laetus, faustus):
tum tu igitur die bono, Aphrodisiis, addice, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 2, 49:
nunc dicenda bona sunt bona verba die,
Ov. F. 1, 72.—
(β).
A beautiful, serene day, Sen. Vit. Beat. 22, 3.—
10.
Bonus mos.
(α).
Boni mores, referring to individuals, good, decent, moral habits:
nihil est amabilius quam morum similitudo bonorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 56:
nam hic nimium morbus mores invasit bonos,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 1, 6:
domi militiaeque boni mores colebantur,
Sall. C. 9, 1:
propter ejus suavissimos et optimos mores,
Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13:
cum per tot annos matronae optimis moribus vixerint,
Liv. 34, 6, 9:
mores meliores,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 18.—
(β).
Bonus mos or boni mores, in the abstract, morality, the laws, rules of morality: ei vos morigerari mos bonu'st, it is a rule of morality that you should, etc., Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 4:
ex optimo more et sanctissima disciplina,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69:
neglegentia boni moris,
Sen. Ep. 97, 1.—Jurid. t. t.:
conventio, mandatum contra bonos mores,
in conflict with morality, Quint. 3, 1, 57; Dig. 16, 3, 1, § 7; Gai. Inst. 3, 157 et saep. —
11.
Adverbial phrases.
a.
Bono animo esse, or bonum animum habere.
(α).
To be of good cheer or courage:
bono animo es! Liberabit ille te homo,
Plaut. Merc 3, 1, 33; so id. Aul. 4, 10, 61; id. Mil. 4, 8, 32; id. Rud. 3, 3, 17; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 4; id. Heaut. 4, 6, 18; id. Ad. 2, 4, 20; 3, 5, 1; 4, 2, 4; 4, 5, 62; id. Phorm. 5, 8, 72:
animo bono es,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 103; id. Am. 2, 2, 48; 5, 2, 1:
bono animo es, inquit Scrofa, et fiscinam expedi,
Varr. R. R. 1, 26:
bono animo sint et tui et mei familiares,
Cic. Fam. 6, 18, 1; 6, 10, 29:
bono animo esse jubere eam consul,
Liv. 39, 13, 7:
habe modo bonum animum,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 58; so id. Am. 1, 3, 47; id. Truc. 2, 6, 44; id. Aul. 2, 2, 15:
habe animum bonum,
id. Cas. 2, 6, 35; id. Ep. 2, 2, 1; 4, 2, 31:
bonum animum habe,
Liv. 45, 8, 5:
clamor ortus ut bonum animum haberet,
id. 8, 32, 1; so Sen. Ep. 87, 38.—
(β).
Bono animo esse, or facere aliquid, to be of a good or friendly disposition, or to do with good, honest intentions:
audire jubet vos imperator histricus, bonoque ut animo sedeant in subselliis qui, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. prol. 5: sunt enim (consules) [p. 246] optimo animo, summo consilio, of the best disposition, Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 2:
bono te animo tum populus Romanus... dicere existimavit ea quae sentiebatis, sed, etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 19, 56:
quod nondum bono animo in populum Romanum viderentur,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; Quint. 7, 4, 15.—
(γ).
Bonus animus, good temper, patience:
bonus animus in mala re dimidium mali est,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 37:
vos etiam hoc animo meliore feratis,
Ov. M. 9, 433.—
b.
Bono modo.
(α).
= placide, with composure, moderation:
si quis quid deliquerit, pro noxa bono modo vindicet,
Cato, R. R. 5:
haec tibi tam sunt defendenda quam moenia, mihi autem bono modo, tantum quantum videbitur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 44, 137.—
(β).
In a decent manner:
neu quisquam prohibeto filium quin amet... quod bono fiat modo,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 62. —
c.
Jure optimo or optimo jure, with good, perfect right:
te ipse jure optumo incuses licet,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 23; id. Rud. 2, 6, 53:
ut jure optimo me deserere posses,
Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 6; Sen. Ot. Sap. 2 (29), 2.—With pass. or intr. verb, deservedly:
ne jure optimo irrideamur,
Cic. Off. 1, 31, 111; cf. id. ib. 1, 42, 151; id. Marcell. 1, 4;
similarly, optimo judicio,
Val. Max. 2, 9, 2.
II.
As subst.
A.
bŏnus, boni, m.; of persons.
1.
In sing. or plur. orig. = bonus vir, boni viri; v. I. A. 1. a. b, supra, a morally good man.
(α).
Plur.:
bonis quod bene fit haud perit,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 3, 2; id. Capt. 2, 2, 108; id. Trin. 2, 1, 55; id. Pers. 4, 5, 2:
melius apud bonos quam apud fortunatos beneficium collocari puto,
Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71:
verum esse ut bonos boni diligant, quamobrem... bonis inter bonos quasi necessariam (esse) benevolentiam,
id. Lael. 14, 50:
diverso itinere malos a bonis loca taetra... habere,
Sall. C. 52, 13; 7, 2; 52, 22:
oderunt peccare boni virtutis amore,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 52:
tam bonis quam malis conduntur urbes,
Sen. Ben. 4, 28, 4; so id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 9, 2, 76.—Rarely bŏnae, arum, f., good women:
quia omnes bonos bonasque adcurare addecet, etc.,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 41.—
(β).
Sing.:
malus bonum malum esse volt ut sit sui similis,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 8:
nec enim cuique bono mali quidquam evenire potest,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 41, 99; cf.:
qui meliorem audax vocet in jus,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 29.—
2.
Bonus, a man of honor.
(α).
A brave man:
pro qua (patria) quis bonus dubitet mortem oppetere si ei sit profuturus?
Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57:
libertatem quam nemo bonus nisi cum anima simul amittat,
Sall. C. 33, 5:
fortes creantur fortibus et bonis,
Hor. C. 4, 4, 29 (opp. ignavi):
fama impari boni atque ignavi erant,
Sall. J. 57, 6; 53, 8; id. C. 11, 2. —
(β).
A gentleman:
quis enim umquam, qui paululum modo bonorum consuetudinem nosset, litteras ad se ab amico missas... in medium protulit?
Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 7.—
3.
Boni, the better (i. e. higher) classes of society.
(α).
In gen. (of political sentiments, = optimates, opp. populares, seditiosi, perditi cives, etc.;
so usu. in Cic.): meam causam omnes boni proprie enixeque susceperant,
Cic. Sest. 16, 38:
audaces homines et perditi nutu impelluntur... boni, nescio quomodo, tardiores sunt, etc.,
id. ib. 47, 100:
ego Kal. Jan. senatum et bonos omnes legis agrariae... metu liberavi,
id. Pis. 2, 4:
etenim omnes boni, quantum in ipsis fuit, Caesarem occiderunt,
id. Phil. 2, 13, 29; id. Fam. 5, 2, 8; 5, 21, 2; id. Sest. 2, 5; 16, 36; 48, 103; id. Planc. 35, 86; id. Mil. 2, 5; id. Off. 2. 12, 43:
maledictis increpat omnes bonos,
Sall. C. 21, 4; 19, 2; 33, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 22; so,
optimi,
Cic. Leg. 3, 17, 37; and, ironically, boni identified with the rich:
bonorum, id est lautorum et locupletum,
id. Att. 8, 1, 3.—
(β).
Without reference to political views;
opp. vulgus (rare): nihil ego istos moror fatuos mores quibus boni dedecorant se,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 22:
semper in civitate quibus opes nullae sunt bonis invident,
Sall. C. 37, 3:
elatus est sine ulla pompa funeris, comitantibus omnibus bonis, maxima vulgi frequentia,
Nep. Att. 22, 2.—So, mĕlĭōres, um, m., one ' s betters:
ut quaestui habeant male loqui melioribus,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 13:
da locum melioribus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 37.—
4.
Boni, bone, in addresses, as an expression of courtesy, Hor. S. 2, 2, 1; 2, 6, 51; 2, 6, 95; id. Ep. 2, 2, 37; ironice, id. S. 2, 3, 31.—
5.
Optimus quisque = quivis bonus, omnes boni.
(α).
Referring to morality:
esse aliquid natura pulcrum quod optimus quisque sequeretur,
every good man, Cic. Sen. 13, 43:
qui ita se gerebant ut sua consilia optimo cuique probarent, optimates habebantur,
id. Sest. 45, 96; id. Off. 1, 43, 154; id. Fin. 1, 7, 24; id. Sest. 54, 115; and = even the best:
quare deus optimum quemque mala valetudine adficit?
Sen. Prov. 4, 8.—
(β).
Of the educated classes:
adhibenda est quaedam reverentia adversus homines, et optimi cujusque et reliquorum,
Cic. Off. 1, 28, 99; cf. id. ib. 1, 25, 85:
Catilina plerisque consularibus, praeterea optumo cuique, litteras mittit,
Sall. C. 34, 2:
optimo cuique infesta libertas,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 2 (32 fin.).—
(γ).
Honorable, brave:
optumus quisque cadere et sauciari, ceteris metus augeri,
Sall. J. 92, 8.—
(δ).
In gen., excellent:
optimus quisque facere quam dicere... malebat,
Sall. C. 8, 5.—
(ε).
Distributively:
ita imperium semper ad optumum quemque a minus bono transfertur,
to the best man in each instance, Sall. C. 2, 6.—
(ζ).
Referring to another superlative ( = quo quisque melior eo magis, etc.):
hic aditus laudis qui semper optimo cuique maxime patuit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 1; so id. Lael. 4, 14; id. Inv. 2, 11, 36; Sen. Vit. Beat. 18, 1.—
(η).
Attributively, with a noun:
optimam quamque causam,
Cic. Sest. 43, 93:
optima quaeque dies,
Verg. G. 3, 66.
2.
bŏnum, i, n., plur. bona; mĕlĭus, ōris, n.; optĭmum, i, n. (v. infra); of things in gen.
1.
Bonum, or plur. bona, a good, or goods in a moral and metaphysical sense, a moral good, a blessing: sunt autem hae de finibus defensae sententiae: nihil bonum nisi honestum, ut Stoici; nihil bonum nisi voluptatem, ut Epicurus;
nihil bonum nisi vacuitatem doloris, ut Hieronymus... tria genera bonorum, maxima animi, secunda corporis, externa tertia, ut Peripatetici, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 30, 84 sq.:
quid est igitur bonum? Si quid recte fit et honeste et cum virtute, id bene fieri vere dicitur, et quod rectum et honestum et cum virtute est, id solum opinor bonum,
id. Par. 1, 1, 9:
ut quis intellegat, quid sit illud simplex et verum bonum quod non possit ab honestate sejungi,
id. Ac. 1, 2, 7:
non-est igitur voluptas bonum,
id. Fin. 1, 11, 39: finis bonorum et malorum (telos agathôn) = summa bona et mala:
sunt nonnullae disciplinae quae, propositis bonorum et malorum finibus, officium omne pervertant. Nam qui summum bonum sic instituit ut, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 2, 5; cf. id. Par. 1, 3, 14; id. Ac. 2, 9, 29; 2, 36, 114; 2, 42, 129; id. Fin. 1, 9, 29; 1, 12, 42; id. Tusc. 4, 31, 66; Sen. Vit. Beat. 24, 5; id. Ep. 117, 1 et saep.—
2.
Bonum, what is valuable, beneficial, estimable, favorable, pleasant, physically or mentally:
quoi boni Tantum adfero quantum ipsus a diis optat,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 9:
multa bona vobis volt facere,
will do you much good, id. Poen. 5, 4, 60; id. Am. prol. 43, 49; id. Pers. 4, 8, 4; 2, 3, 14; id. Cas. 2, 8, 32:
tum demum nostra intellegemus bona quom ea amisimus,
id. Capt. 1, 2, 33:
multa tibi di dent bona,
id. Poen. 1, 1, 80; cf. id. ib. 3, 3, 54; 3, 3, 74; id. Mil. 3, 1, 120; id. Men. 3, 3, 34; id. Pers. 4, 3, 23; id. Truc. 1, 2, 23; id. Merc. 1, 2, 40; id. Most. 1, 1, 47:
omnia Bona dicere,
to speak in the highest terms of one, Ter. And. 1, 1, 70:
sed ne vivus quidem bono caret, si eo non indiget,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:
cum quaecumque bona Peripateticis, eadem Stoicis commoda viderentur,
id. ib. 5, 41, 120:
nihil enim boni nosti,
nothing that is good for any thing, id. Phil. 2, 7, 16:
mala pro bonis legere dementia est,
Sen. Vit. Beat. 6, 1; Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3 fin.; Hor. S. 1, 2, 73:
quia bonum sit valere,
a good thing, Cic. Fin. 4, 23, 62 (cf. III. A. 5. infra):
melius: quo quidem haud scio an... quidquam melius sit homini a dis immortalibus datum,
id. Lael. 6, 20:
meliora... Aristotelem de istis rebus scripsisse,
id. Or. 1, 10, 43:
optimum: difficillimum est formam exponere optimi,
id. ib. 11, 36.— Here belongs the phrase boni consulere;
v. consulo.—So after prepositions: in bonum vertere, v. under verto: in melius ire,
to change for the better, Tac. A. 12, 68.—In the same sense: in melius aliquid referre, or reflectere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 281; 11, 426; 10, 632:
ad melius transcurrere,
to pass over to something better, Hor. S. 2, 2, 82.—
3.
Bonum or bona, prosperity:
fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post patitur bonum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 58:
nulli est homini perpetuum bonum,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 33:
unā tecum bona, mala tolerabimus,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 23:
quibus in bonis fuerint et nunc quibus in malis sint, ostenditur ( = in secundis, in adversis rebus),
Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 107.—
4.
Good qualities, gifts:
omnia adsunt bona, quem penes'st virtus,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 30:
magnis illi et divinis bonis hanc licentiam adsequebantur,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148:
nisi qui se suā gravitate et castimoniā... tum etiam naturali quodam bono defenderet, etc.,
id. Cael. 5, 11:
hunc meā sententiā divinis quibusdam bonis instructum atque ornatum puto,
id. ib. 17, 39:
non intellego quod bonum cuiquam sit apud tales viros profuturum,
id. Balb. 28, 63:
gaude isto tuo tam excellenti bono,
id. Marcell. 6, 19; so id. Imp. Pomp. 16, 49.—
5.
Advantage, benefit:
si plus adipiscare, re explicatā, boni, quam addubitatā mali,
Cic. Off. 1, 24, 83:
saepe cogitavi bonine an mali plus adtulerit... eloquentiae studium,
id. Inv. 1, 1, 1; 2, 35, 106; id. Off. 2, 2, 5; id. Sest. 10, 24:
maximum bonum in celeritate ponebat,
Sall. C. 43, 4; so, bono publico (abl.), for the public good:
hoc ita si fit, publico fiat bono,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 183; Liv. 2, 44, 3; Dig. 41, 3, 1.—
6.
With aequum, what is fair and good, the fair ( thing), fairness, equity:
si bonum aequomque oras,
Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 149; so id. Pers. 3, 1, 71; id. Rud. 1, 2, 94; id. Men. 4, 2, 11:
si tu aliquam partem aequi bonique dixeris,
Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32; id. Heaut. 4, 1, 29; id. Ad. 1, 1, 39:
a quo vivo nec praesens nec absens quidquam aequi bonique impetravit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 94.—Hence, aequo et bono, or ex aequo et bono, in ( with) fairness, in equity, Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 30; Auct. Her. 2, 10, 14; 2, 12, 18; 2, 13, 20; Gai. Inst. 3, 137: aequi bonique, as gen. of value, with facere:
istuc, Chreme, Aequi bonique facio,
I place a fair and proper value on it, Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40.—
7.
Bona, one ' s property, fortunes, almost always denoting the whole of one's possessions.
a.
In gen.:
paterna oportet reddi filio bona,
Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 120:
bona sua med habiturum omnia,
id. Truc. 2, 4, 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 6; 4, 2, 29; id. Rud. 2, 6, 22; id. Most. 1, 3, 77; id. Trin. 4, 4, 3; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 4:
bona mea diripiebantur atque ad consulem deferebantur,
Cic. Sest. 24, 54:
cum de capite, civis et de bonis proscriptio ferretur,
id. ib. 30, 65:
bona, fortunas, possessiones omnium,
id. Caecin. 13, 38:
at mulctantur bonis exsules,
id. Tusc. 5, 37, 106; id. Off. 2, 23, 81; id. Par. 1, 1, 7; id. Sest. 19, 42; 43, 94; 52, 111; id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; Caes. B. G. 7, 3; Liv. 2, 3, 5; 2, 5, 5; 4, 15, 8; Tac. A. 2, 48; Quint. 6, 1, 19 et saep.—
b.
Bonorum possessio, the possession of one ' s property by another.
(α).
Bonorum possessio in consequence of bonorum cessio, i. e. an assignment of one ' s property for the benefit of creditors, Dig. 42, tit. 3.—
(β).
Bonorum possessio granted by the prætor against a contumacious or insolvent debtor (in bona mittere, in bona ire jubere, bona possidere jubere, etc.); cf. Dig. 42, tit. 4:
postulat a Burrieno Naevius ut ex edicto bona possidere liceat,
Cic. Quint. 6, 25, and the whole of c. 8:
edixit... neu quis militis... bona possideret aut venderet,
Liv. 2, 24, 6:
bona proscribere,
to offer the property thus transferred for sale, Cic. Quint. 6, 25.—
(γ).
Chiefly referring to the property of a defunct person (hereditas), where the prætor, till the heir had proved his right, granted a bonorum possessio secundum tabulas or contra tabulas, Dig. 37, tit. 4; 37, tit. 11.—
c.
In bonis esse;
with reference to the older civil law, which distinguished between civil property (habere rem ex jure Quiritium) and natural property (rem in bonis habere, res in bonis est),
Gai. Inst. 2, 40, 41; Dig. 40, 12, 38, § 2; 37, 6, 2, § 1; 37, 6, 3, § 2; ib. Fragm. 1, 16; Gai. Inst. 1, 22; 1, 35; 1, 222; 1, 167; Dig. 1, 8, 1; 27, 10, 10:
neque bonorum possessorum, neque... res pleno jure fiunt, sed in bonis efficiuntur,
ib. Fragm. 3, 80.—Hence, nullam omnino arbitrabamur de eā hereditate controversiam eum habiturum, et est hodie in bonis, i. e. [p. 247] the bonorum possessio has been granted to him, which did not give full ownership, but effected only that the hereditas was in bonis. Cic. Fam. 13, 30, 1.
III.
Predicative use.
A.
With nouns or pronouns as subjects.
1.
Bonum esse, to be morally good, honest:
nunc mihi bonae necessum est esse ingratiis, Quamquam esse nolo,
Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 82:
bonam ego quam beatam me esse nimio dici mavolo,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 93; so id. Capt. 2, 1, 44; id. Men. 4, 2, 6; id. Rud. prol. 29:
itaque viros fortes magnanimos eosdem, bonos et simplices... esse volumus,
Cic. Off. 1, 19, 63; cf. id. ib. 3, 21, 84; id. Att. 15, 6, 1:
Cato esse quam videri bonus malebat,
Sall. C. 54, 5:
ut politiora, non ut meliora fiant ingenia,
Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 5 fin. —
2.
To be beneficial, prosperous, advantageous, valuable, favorable, serviceable, correct, with reference to both persons and things as subjects, and in regard to physical and mental relations:
jam istuc non bonumst,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 29; Cato, R. R. 157:
oleum viridius et melius fiet,
id. ib. 3:
vinum ut alvum bonam faciat,
to correct the bowels, id. ib. 156:
quid est homini salute melius?
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 127:
non optuma haec sunt, verum meliora quam deterruma,
id. Trin. 2, 3, 1:
quid est quod huc possit quod melius sit accedere?
Cic. Fin. 1, 12, 41; 1, 18, 57; id. Tusc. 1, 41, 99:
in quo (vestitu), sicut in plerisque rebus, mediocritas optima est,
id. Off. 1, 36, 130; 2, 17, 59; id. Inv. 1, 31, 51; id. Or. 2, 6; 11, 36:
meliorem tamen militem... in futura proelia id certamen fecit,
Liv. 2, 51, 3:
parvus ut est cygni melior canor, ille gruum quam Clamor,
Lucr. 4, 181; 4, 191:
si meliora dies, ut vina, poemata reddit,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 34.—So in the optative formula:
quod bonum, faustum, felixque sit,
Liv. 1, 28, 7; 1, 17, 10; 39, 15, 1; 3, 54;
3, 34.—Also, quod bonum atque fortunatum mihi sit,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 6, 50;
and with a noun as subject: ut nobis haec habitatio Bona, fausta, felix, fortunataque evenat,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 3.—
3.
To be kind:
bonus cum probis'st (erus), malus cum malis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 22:
hic si vellet bonus ac benignus Esse,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 52.—
4.
With reference to the gods:
ecastor ambae (Fortuna et Salus sunt bonae,
Plaut. As. 3, 3, 129:
Palladis aut oculos ausa negare bonos (esse),
Prop. 3, 24, 12 (2, 28, 12).—
B.
Impers.
1.
Bonum est (very rare for the class. bene est; v. bene).
(α).
Without a subject:
bonum sit!
may it be fortunate, favorable! Verg. E. 8, 106.—
(β).
With subject inf.:
nam et stulte facere, et stulte fabularier in aetate haud bonum est,
Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 61:
bonum est pauxillum amare, insane non bonum est,
id. Curc. 1, 3,20.—
2.
Melius est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
melius sanam est mentem sumere,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 51:
nihil sentire est melius quam tam prava sentire,
Cic. Ac. 2, 40, 125; cf. id. Fin. 1, 19, 62; id. Off. 1, 43, 156; so,
melius fuit, fuisset, or fuerat,
it would have been better, id. N. D. 3, 33; id. Sen. 23, 82; id. Off. 3, 25, 94:
proinde quiesse erit melius,
Liv. 3, 48, 3; 3, 41, 3; Verg. A. 11, 303.—
(β).
With subject inf.-clause:
meliu'st te quae sunt mandata tibi praevortier,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 125; id. Men. 5, 9, 32.—
(γ).
With ut-clause:
quid melius quam ut hinc intro abeam et me suspendam clanculum,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 145; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 18.—
(δ).
With subjectclause in the subjunctive:
nunc quid mihi meliu'st quam ilico hic opperiar erum,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 22.—
3.
Optimum est.
(α).
With subject inf.:
optimum visum est, captivos quam primum deportare,
Liv. 23, 34, 8:
si quis dicit optimum esse navigare,
Sen. Ot. Sap. 8, 4 (32 fin.); so, optimum fuit, it would have been better, and optimum erat, it would be better, Quint. 6, prooem. 3; 11, 2, 33; Hor. S. 2, 1, 7.—
(β).
With inf.-clause:
constituerunt optimum esse, domum suam quemque reverti,
Caes. B. G. 2, 10: optimum visum est, in fluctuantem aciem tradi equos, etc., Liv 6, 24, 10; 22, 27, 6.—
(γ).
With ut and subj:
hoc vero optimum, ut is qui, etc., id ultimum bonorum, id ipsum quid et quale sit nesciat,
Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 6.—
(δ).
With quod:
illa vero optima (sunt) quod cum Haluntium venisset Archagathum vocari jussit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23, § 51:
optimum vero (est) quod dictaturae nomen in perpetuum de re publica sustulisti,
id. Phil. 2, 36, 91.—
(ε).
With second sup., in the phrase optumum factu est (where factu is redundant):
sed hoc mihi optumum factu arbitror,
Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 16:
optimum factu esse duxerant frumento... nostros prohibere,
Caes. B. G. 4, 30:
optumum factu credens exercitum augere,
Sall. C. 32, 1 (Kritz, factum); 57, 5 (Kritz, factum).
IV.
Ellipt. use: di meliora, i. e. dent or velint, i. e. let the gods grant better things than what you say, etc.; God forbid! in full:
di melius duint,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 16:
di meliora velint!
Ov. M. 7, 37.—Ellipt.:
di meliora! inquit,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47:
id ubi mulier audivit, perturbata, dii meliora inquit, etc.,
Liv. 39, 10, 2; 9, 9, 6; Verg. G. 3, 513;
similarly, di melius, i. e. fecerunt,
Val. Max. 6, 1, ext. 3.
V.
With object expressed,
1.
By dat.
(α).
= good, useful, beneficial for:
ambula, id lieni optumum est,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 25:
quia vobis eadem quae mihi bona malaque esse intellexi,
Sall. C. 20, 3:
bona bello Cornus, jaculis, etc.,
Verg. G. 2, 447.—
(β).
= benignus or propitius, kind to:
vicinis bonus esto,
Cato, R. R. 4:
bene merenti mala es, male merenti bona es,
Plaut. As. 1, 2, 3:
vos o mihi Manes, Este boni,
Verg. A. 12, 647.—
(γ).
= idoneus, fit for, adapted to:
qui locus vino optimus dicetur esse,
Cato, R. R. 6:
tum erit ei rei optumum tempus,
id. ib. 26:
terra cui putre solum, Optima frumentis,
Verg. G. 2, 205; 2, 319; 1, 286.—
(δ).
With sum and dat., in the phrase alicui bono est, it is of service to one, profits him:
accusant in quibus occidi patrem Sex. Roscii bono fuit,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 5, 13:
bono fuisse Romanis adventum eorum constabat,
Liv. 7, 12, 4.—Hence, with rel. dat.: cui bono (est), for whose advantage it is:
quod si quis usurpet illud Cassianum cui bono fuerit, etc.,
Cic. Phil. 2, 14, 35:
cui bono fuisset,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Mil. 12, 32 Ascon. ad loc.; cf.
ellipt. form cui bono?
Prisc. p. 1208 P.—
(ε).
With dat. gerund:
ager oleto conserundo qui in Favonium spectavit, aliis bonus nullus erit,
Cato, R. R. 6; Varr. R. R. 1, 24:
(mons) quia pecori bonus alendo erat,
Liv. 29, 31; 9, 10.—
2.
By ad and acc.:
refert et ad quam rem bona aut non bona sit,
Varr. R. R. 1, 91:
occasio quaeritur idoneane fuerit ad rem adoriendam, an alia melior,
Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7:
non campos modo militi Romano ad proelium bonos, etc.,
Tac. A. 2, 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > optimum
16 effor

ef-for, ātus, 1, v. dep. a. ( defect. In use only: effor, Cav. ap. Diom. p. 375 P.:
effaris,
App. M. 7, 25, p. 199, 6:
effatur,
Verg. A. 10, 523 al.:
effamini,
Arn. 7, 41:
effantur, App. Mund. prooem. p. 56, 22: effabor,
Lucr. 5, 104:
effabere,
Luc. 8, 346:
effabimur,
Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 97:
effantes,
App. Mund. p. 65, 5; imp.:
effare,
Verg. A. 6, 560; inf.:
effari,
id. ib. 4, 76; as pass., poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 17, 39; part.:
effatus,
Verg. A. 3, 463 al.; as pass. v. infra:
effando,
Liv. 5, 15, 10: effatu, Pl. 3, 21, 25, § 139 al.), to speak or say out, to utter.
I.
In gen. (an old relig. and poet. word; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 38, 153; esp. freq. in Verg.): sed tamen effabor, * Lucr. 5, 104: haec effatu' pater, repente recessit, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 48 ed. Vahlen); cf. Verg. G. 4, 450; id. A. 3, 463; 4, 30; 76; 456 et saep.; Hor. Epod. 17, 37; Luc. 8, 347 et saep.:
et tacendo forsitan, quae dii immortales vulgari velint, haud minus, quam celanda effando, nefas contrahi,
Liv. 5, 15 fin.; Suet. Ner. 49:
effatu digna nomina,
Plin. 3, 21, 25, § 139 et saep.— Absol., Vulg. Psa. 93, 2; id. Prov. 18, 23.—
* II.
In partic.
1.
As t. t. in the language of augurs, to fix, define, determine a place for a religious purpose:
templum,
Cic. Att. 13, 42, 3; cf. pass.:
templa effari ab auguribus,
Varr. L. L. 6, 7, § 53.—
2.
In dialectics, to state a proposition:
quod ita effabimur,
Aut vivet cras Hermarchus, aut non vivet, Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 97; cf. in the foll.: effatum.

► effātus, a, um, in passive signif., pronounced, established, determined, designated: effata dicuntur, quod augures finem auspiciorum caelestum extra urbem agris sunt effati ubi esset;
hinc effari templa dicuntur ab auguribus,
Varr. L. L. 6, § 53 Müll.; cf. Libri Augur. ap. Gell. 13, 14; Serv. Verg. A. 6, 197; Fest. S. V. MINORA TEMPLA, p. 157, 28 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 2, 8 fin.; Liv. 10, 37 fin.:
FATIDICORVM ET VATVM EFFATA INCOGNITA,
announcements, predictions, Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 20; cf. Liv. 1, 24.—
B.
In partic.: effātum, i, n., a dialectical proposition, an axiom, Cic. Ac. 2, 29 fin. (a transl. of the Gr. axiôma), Sen. Ep. 117.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > effor
17 humana

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.
I.
In gen.:
esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:
simulacra,
id. Rep. 3, 9:
caput,
a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):
humana qui dape pavit equas,
Ov. H. 9, 68:
Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,
Flor. 3, 5, 10:
hostiae,
human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:
lac,
human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:
nec distare humana carne suillam,
Juv. 14, 98:
carnibus humanis vesci,
id. 15, 13:
societas generis humani,
of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:
omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,
Cic. Lael. 6, 20;
v. divinus: amor,
id. ib. 21, 81:
natura,
id. Rep. 1, 14:
virtus,
id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:
casus,
id. Lael. 2, 7:
cultus,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:
humanissima voluptas,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:
ignes,
i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:
dapes,
i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:
memoria,
Tac. A. 11, 14:
ultra modum humanum,
id. ib. 11, 21:
humanum facinus factumst,
customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:
nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,
of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:
scelus,
committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):
persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;
alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:
humano quodam modo,
Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;
3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,
Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.
A.
hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—
B.
hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:
non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:
si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,
Liv. 5, 4, 9:
pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,
Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):
homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:
Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,
Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—
C.
Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:
qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:
despicientem omnia humana,
id. Rep. 1, 17; and:
haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,
id. ib. 6, 19:
si quicquam humanorum certi est,
Liv. 5, 33, 1:
deos esse et non neglegere humana,
id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):
respiratio humanior,
i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.
II.
In partic.
A.
Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:
comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:
Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,
Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:
homo facillimus atque humanissimus,
id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:
humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:
Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,
Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —
B.
Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:
homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:
homines periti et humani,
id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §
70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,
id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;
see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.
1.
(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.
(α).
Form humane:
vix humane patitur,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:
morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—
(β).
Form humaniter:
docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,
id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—
b.
Comp.:
si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—
2.
In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.
(α).
Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:
fecit enim humane,
Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—
(β).
Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:
fecit humaniter Licinius,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—
b.
Sup.:
quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:
quam humanissime scribere,
id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:
ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,
Petr. 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > humana
18 humani

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.
I.
In gen.:
esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:
simulacra,
id. Rep. 3, 9:
caput,
a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):
humana qui dape pavit equas,
Ov. H. 9, 68:
Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,
Flor. 3, 5, 10:
hostiae,
human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:
lac,
human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:
nec distare humana carne suillam,
Juv. 14, 98:
carnibus humanis vesci,
id. 15, 13:
societas generis humani,
of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:
omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,
Cic. Lael. 6, 20;
v. divinus: amor,
id. ib. 21, 81:
natura,
id. Rep. 1, 14:
virtus,
id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:
casus,
id. Lael. 2, 7:
cultus,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:
humanissima voluptas,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:
ignes,
i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:
dapes,
i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:
memoria,
Tac. A. 11, 14:
ultra modum humanum,
id. ib. 11, 21:
humanum facinus factumst,
customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:
nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,
of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:
scelus,
committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):
persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;
alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:
humano quodam modo,
Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;
3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,
Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.
A.
hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—
B.
hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:
non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:
si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,
Liv. 5, 4, 9:
pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,
Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):
homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:
Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,
Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—
C.
Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:
qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:
despicientem omnia humana,
id. Rep. 1, 17; and:
haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,
id. ib. 6, 19:
si quicquam humanorum certi est,
Liv. 5, 33, 1:
deos esse et non neglegere humana,
id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):
respiratio humanior,
i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.
II.
In partic.
A.
Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:
comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:
Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,
Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:
homo facillimus atque humanissimus,
id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:
humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:
Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,
Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —
B.
Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:
homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:
homines periti et humani,
id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §
70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,
id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;
see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.
1.
(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.
(α).
Form humane:
vix humane patitur,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:
morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—
(β).
Form humaniter:
docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,
id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—
b.
Comp.:
si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—
2.
In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.
(α).
Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:
fecit enim humane,
Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—
(β).
Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:
fecit humaniter Licinius,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—
b.
Sup.:
quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:
quam humanissime scribere,
id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:
ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,
Petr. 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > humani
19 humanum

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.
I.
In gen.:
esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:
simulacra,
id. Rep. 3, 9:
caput,
a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):
humana qui dape pavit equas,
Ov. H. 9, 68:
Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,
Flor. 3, 5, 10:
hostiae,
human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:
lac,
human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:
nec distare humana carne suillam,
Juv. 14, 98:
carnibus humanis vesci,
id. 15, 13:
societas generis humani,
of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:
omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,
Cic. Lael. 6, 20;
v. divinus: amor,
id. ib. 21, 81:
natura,
id. Rep. 1, 14:
virtus,
id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:
casus,
id. Lael. 2, 7:
cultus,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:
humanissima voluptas,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:
ignes,
i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:
dapes,
i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:
memoria,
Tac. A. 11, 14:
ultra modum humanum,
id. ib. 11, 21:
humanum facinus factumst,
customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:
nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,
of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:
scelus,
committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):
persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;
alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:
humano quodam modo,
Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;
3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,
Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.
A.
hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—
B.
hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:
non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:
si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,
Liv. 5, 4, 9:
pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,
Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):
homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:
Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,
Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—
C.
Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:
qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:
despicientem omnia humana,
id. Rep. 1, 17; and:
haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,
id. ib. 6, 19:
si quicquam humanorum certi est,
Liv. 5, 33, 1:
deos esse et non neglegere humana,
id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):
respiratio humanior,
i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.
II.
In partic.
A.
Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:
comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:
Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,
Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:
homo facillimus atque humanissimus,
id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:
humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:
Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,
Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —
B.
Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:
homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:
homines periti et humani,
id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §
70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,
id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;
see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.
1.
(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.
(α).
Form humane:
vix humane patitur,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:
morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—
(β).
Form humaniter:
docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,
id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—
b.
Comp.:
si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—
2.
In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.
(α).
Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:
fecit enim humane,
Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—
(β).
Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:
fecit humaniter Licinius,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—
b.
Sup.:
quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:
quam humanissime scribere,
id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:
ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,
Petr. 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > humanum
20 humanus

hūmānus (old form: HEMONA humana et HEMONEM hominem dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 100 Müll.; cf. homo init.), a, um, adj. [homo], of or belonging to man, human.
I.
In gen.:
esse aliquem humana specie et figura, qui tantum immanitate bestias vicerit, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 63:
simulacra,
id. Rep. 3, 9:
caput,
a human head, Hor. A. P. 1; Flor. 1, 7, 8: succidiae, Cato ap. Gell. 13, 24, 12: Cyclopis venter... Carnibus humanis distentus, human flesh, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 870 P. (Ann. v. 327 Vahl,):
humana qui dape pavit equas,
Ov. H. 9, 68:
Athenas obsidione et fame ad humanos cibos compulit,
Flor. 3, 5, 10:
hostiae,
human sacrifices, Cic. Font. 10 21; Tac. G. 9; Plin. 8, 22, 34, § 82; Flor. 1, 16, 7:
lac,
human milk, Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:
nec distare humana carne suillam,
Juv. 14, 98:
carnibus humanis vesci,
id. 15, 13:
societas generis humani,
of the human race, Cic. Lael. 5, 20; cf.: eos (deos) non curare opinor quid agat humanum genus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 2, 50, 104 (Trag. v. 354 Vahl.); v. genus: ubi remissa humana vita corpus requiescat malis, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 107 (Trag. v. 416 ib.); cf.: humanae vitae varia reputantes mala, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 48, 115; and Cic. Rep. 6, 18; in the comp.: ergo hercules vita humanior sine sale non quit degere, Plin. 31, 7, 41, § 88:
omnium divinarum humanarumque rerum,
Cic. Lael. 6, 20;
v. divinus: amor,
id. ib. 21, 81:
natura,
id. Rep. 1, 14:
virtus,
id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:
casus,
id. Lael. 2, 7:
cultus,
id. de Or. 1, 8, 33:
humanissima voluptas,
id. Ac. 2, 41, 127:
ignes,
i. e. which men daily use, Plin. 2, 107, 111, § 239:
dapes,
i. e. human excrements, id. 17, 9, 6, § 51:
memoria,
Tac. A. 11, 14:
ultra modum humanum,
id. ib. 11, 21:
humanum facinus factumst,
customary, Plaut. Truc. 2, 1, 8:
nec quisquam dixerit, in eo qui obdormivit, rem eum humanam et naturalem passum, Mos. et Rom. Coll. 12, 7, 7: major imago humana,
of superhuman size, Juv. 13, 222: humanum sacrificium dicebant, quod mortui causa fiebat, Paul. ex Fest. p. 103 Müll.:
scelus,
committed against men, Liv. 3, 19 fin.; 29, 18 fin.: si quid mihi humanum contigerit, if any thing should happen to me, i. e. if I should die, Dig. 16, 3, 26 (for which, humanitus, q. v.):
persuasit nox, amor, vinum, adulescentia: Humanum'st,
Ter. Ad. 3, 4, 25: metum virgarum navarchus pretio redemit: humanum est;
alius, ne condemnaretur, pecuniam dedit: usitatum est,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 44, § 117; cf. Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 38; id. Ad. 3, 4, 25:
humano quodam modo,
Quint. 10, 3, 15: res humani juris, property (opp. res divini juris, things sacred or religious), Gai. Inst. 2, 2; 9 sqq.;
3, 97: ne vinum... esse sacrum incipiat et ex usibus eripiatur humanis,
Arn. adv. Gent. 7, 31.— As substt.
A.
hūmāni, ōrum, m., men, mortals, Lucr. 3, 80; 837: natura humanis omnia sunt paria, Varr. ap. Non. 81, 10.—
B.
hūmānum, i, n., that which is human, mortal, etc.: ignem magnum hic faciam. Dae. Quine ut humanum exuras tibi? Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 62:
non hercle humanust ergo: nam volturio plus humani credost,
id. Mil. 4, 2, 53:
si quicquam in vobis non dico civilis sed humani esset,
Liv. 5, 4, 9:
pulcher et humano major trabeaque decorus Romulus,
Ov. F. 2, 503 (but in Cic. Att. 13, 21, 5, homo is the true reading):
homo sum: humani nihil a me alienum puto,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 25:
Satyris praeter effigiem nihil humani, Mela, 1, 8, 10: si in Pompeio quid humani evenisset,
Sall. H. Fragm. 5, 16 Dietsch.—
C.
Plur.: hūmā-na, ōrum, n., human affairs, the concerns of men, events of life:
qui omnia humana, quaecumque accidere possunt, tolerabilia ducat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 17; cf.:
despicientem omnia humana,
id. Rep. 1, 17; and:
haec caelestia semper spectato, illa humana contemnito,
id. ib. 6, 19:
si quicquam humanorum certi est,
Liv. 5, 33, 1:
deos esse et non neglegere humana,
id. 3, 56, 7.— Comp. (very rare):
respiratio humanior,
i. e. freer, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 1, 2.
II.
In partic.
A.
Humane, philanthropic, kind, gentle, obliging, polite (syn.:
comis, urbanus): te esse humano ingenio existumo,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 127:
Cyrum minorem Persarum regem et ceteris in rebus communem erga Lysandrum atque humanum fuisse,
Cic. de Sen. 17, 59; cf.:
homo facillimus atque humanissimus,
id. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:
humani ingeni Mansuetique animi officia,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 86; cf.: quod ipse moderatissimi atque humanissimi fuit sensus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 5:
Catonis (praeceptum) humanissimum utilissimumque,
Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 44 (cf. Cato, R. R. 4). —
B.
Of good education, well-informed, learned, polite, refined: gentem quidem nullam video neque tam humanam atque doctam neque tam immanem atque barbaram, quae non significari futura posse censeat, Civ. Div. 1, 1, 2; cf.:
homo doctissimus atque humanissimus,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 98:
homines periti et humani,
id. ib. 2, 5, 28, §
70: haec ego non possum dicere non esse hominis quamvis et belli et humani,
id. Fin. 2, 31, 102: Praxiteles nemini est paulum modo humaniori ignotus, Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 16, 3 (eruditiori doctiorique, Gell.;
see the entire chap.): humanissimussermo,
Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 10, 2.—Hence, adv. in two forms: hūmānē and hūmānĭter.
1.
(Acc. to I.) Humanly, agreeably to human nature, in a manner becoming humanity.
(α).
Form humane:
vix humane patitur,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 65: intervalla vides humane commoda, i. e. exceedingly, charmingly commodious, [p. 870] Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 70:
morbos toleranter atque humane ferunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 27, 65.—
(β).
Form humaniter:
docebo profecto, quid sit humaniter vivere,
Cic. Fam. 7, 1, 5:
sin aliter acciderit, humaniter feremus,
id. Att. 1, 2, 1.—
b.
Comp.:
si qui forte, cum se in luctu esse vellent, aliquid fecerunt humanius, aut si hilarius locuti sunt,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 27, 64.—
2.
In partic. (acc. to II. A.), humanely, pleasantly, courteously, kindly, gently, politely, etc.
(α).
Form humane: Hirtium aliquid ad te sumpathôs de me scripsisse facile patior:
fecit enim humane,
Cic. Att. 12, 44, 1.—
(β).
Form humaniter: invitus litteras tuas scinderem: ita sunt humaniter scriptae, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 509, 21:
fecit humaniter Licinius,
id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1.—
b.
Sup.:
quod se sua voluntate erga Caesarem humanissime diligentissimeque locutus esses,
Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 6, § 20:
quam humanissime scribere,
id. Fam. 2, 17, 6; 5, 20, 8; cf. Cic. Fil. ap. Cic. Fam. 16, 21, 3:
ducem se itineris humanissime promisit,
Petr. 8.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > humanus

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